Study of aerosol transport through precipitation chemistry over Arabian Sea during winter and summer monsoons |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Maldives Climate Observatory, Hanimaadhoo, Maldives;2. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune 411008, India;1. Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA;2. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA;3. Wisonsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI, USA;1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;2. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;3. Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Batman University, Batman, Turkey;2. Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Precipitation samples over the Arabian Sea collected during Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX) in 2002–2003 were examined for major water soluble components and acidity of aerosols during the period of winter and summer monsoon seasons. The pH of rain water was alkaline during summer monsoon and acidic during winter monsoon. Summer monsoon precipitation showed dominance of sea-salt components (∼90%) and significant amounts of non-sea salt (nss) Ca2+ and SO42−. Winter monsoon precipitation samples showed higher concentration of NO3− and NH4+ compared to that of summer monsoon, indicating more influence of anthropogenic sources. The rain water data is interpreted in terms of long-range transport and background pollution. In summer monsoon, air masses passing over the north African and Gulf continents which may be carrying nss components are advected towards the observational location. Also, prevailing strong southwesterly winds at surface level produced sea-salt aerosols which led to high sea-salt contribution in precipitation. While in winter monsoon, it was observed that, air masses coming from Asian region towards observational location carry more pollutants like NO3−and nss SO42− that acidify the precipitation. |
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