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A model study of smoke-haze influence on clouds and warm precipitation formation in Indonesia 1997/1998
Institution:1. Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;2. National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, Vas. Pavlou & I. Metaxa, 15236 Athens, Greece;1. Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital, India;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India;3. Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India;4. Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, India;1. Department of Physics, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia;2. Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Japan
Abstract:In the last few decades, fire and smoke-haze occurrence increased in Indonesia by intentionally set land clearing fires and higher fire susceptibility of disturbed forests. Particularly, during El Niño years with prolonged droughts in Indonesia, land clearing fires become uncontrolled wildfires and produce large amounts of gaseous and particulate emissions. This paper investigates the influence of smoke-haze aerosols from such fires on clouds and precipitation over Indonesia during the El Niño event 1997/1998 by numerical modelling. Warm precipitation formation in both layered and convective clouds is calculated dependent on the atmospheric aerosol concentration. In the smoke-haze affected regions of Indonesia, aerosol–cloud interactions induce events with both precipitation suppression and increase compared to a reference simulation without aerosol–cloud interactions. The effect of precipitation suppression is found to dominate with about 2/3 of all precipitation modification events pointing to a prolongation of smoke-haze episodes. The corresponding convective cloud top height of shallow clouds is increased whereas distinct lower deep convective cloud top heights are found. The remaining about 1/3 events are characterised by increased precipitation and cloud liquid water content, accompanied by lower convective cloud top heights of shallow clouds and higher deep convective clouds.
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