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Large eddy simulation of shading effects on NO2 and O3 concentrations within an idealised street canyon
Institution:1. Research Applications Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80301-3000, USA;2. Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University, 1375 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1375, USA;3. Joint Science and Technology Office, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060-6201, USA;1. J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic;2. VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Safety Engineering, Lumírova 13, CZ-700 30 Ostrava 3 – Výškovice, Czech Republic;3. Unicorn College, V Kapslovně 2767/2, CZ-130 00 Prague 3, Czech Republic;4. VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mining and Geology, 17. Listopadu 15, CZ-708 33 Ostrava – Poruba, Czech Republic;5. Institute of Thermomechanics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 5, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic;6. Česká Spořitelna, a.s., Olbrachtova 1929/62, Prague 4, Czech Republic;7. LIDAR, s.r.o., Washingtonova 17, CZ-110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic;1. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA;3. Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;1. Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA;2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, China;1. Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea;2. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea;5. Air Quality Forecasting Center, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
Abstract:A large eddy simulation (LES) model that accounts for chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen and ozone has been used to investigate the effect of local shading within an idealised street canyon on pollutant concentrations. It has shown that local shading can have a substantial impact on kerbside concentrations (>6 ppb difference for some situations presented) and that this may need to be taken into account to set up numerical model runs as well as sampling sites. A sensitivity study has been performed to investigate the effect of various governing parameters. A strong influence was found for the actual reduction of the photolytic rate constant within the shaded areas. A near linear relationship appeared between the reduction and the effect on pollutant concentrations. The chemical regime above and within the street canyon (determined by background concentrations aloft and emission rates at the ground) was also shown to be of high importance. The geometrical layout of the shading within the canyon and the wind speed in the canyon was shown to affect the spatial distribution of the shading effect rather than its overall magnitude.
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