Control of volatile organic compounds indoors—Development of an integrated mass-transfer-based model and its application |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;2. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1094, USA;3. National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada;4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA;5. National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark;6. SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, P.O. Box 857, SE-501 15 Boras, Sweden;7. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA;8. Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;2. Arcadis, 4915 Prospectus Drive, Suite F, Durham, NC 27713, USA;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2. Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0246, USA;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Building envelopes are usually comprised of several different layers of building materials, which may alternatively act as VOC sources or sinks depending on their emission and sorption potentials and the indoor environmental conditions as well. In this research, a whole room IAQ model consisting of multi-phase emission/sorption model for wall materials and room volume mass balance model catering for practical ventilation schemes was developed. The interactions of VOC and building materials composing different building components can be modeled based on fundamental mass transfer theories. The effects of various construction materials and ventilation strategies on the emission characteristics were investigated. Results show that measures like pre-occupancy flush-out, lead-time ventilation, etc. have substantial impacts on indoor VOC concentration and the model can successfully handle different building scenarios. Although more rigorous validation, in particular more experimental verification, is needed, the proposed model has proven to be valuable in handling different building scenarios. It is useful in analyzing the levels of contaminant buildup that would occur during no ventilation period for intermittent ventilation situations and in determining the amount of outdoor air and the lead-time period required to flush out the contaminants prior to occupancy. It is likely to be a simple routine tool for building owners, designers and operators to attain acceptable indoor VOC concentration level. |
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