Measurement of nucleation and soot mode particle emission from a diesel passenger car in real world and laboratory in situ dilution |
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| Institution: | 1. Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH, Süsterfeldstr. 200, D-52072 Aachen, Germany;2. Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physical Chemistry, Gausstr. 20, D-42079 Wuppertal, Germany;1. Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States;2. Department of Engineering, Penn State Greater Allegheny, McKeesport, PA, United States;3. Mobile Source Operations Division, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA, United States;4. Mobile Source Control Division, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA, United States;5. Monitoring and Laboratory Division, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA, United States;6. Planning and Technical Support Division, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA, United States;7. Planning and Technical Support Division, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, United States;8. Research Division, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, United States;9. Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, United States;1. Univ Lyon, IFSTTAR, AME, LTE, F-69675 Lyon, France;2. French Environment and Energy Management Agency, ADEME, 49004 Angers, France;3. IRCELYON, UMR 5256 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69626 Villeurbanne, France;1. Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Av. Pioneiros 3131, 86036-370 Londrina, PR, Brazil;2. Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Stockholm Environment and Health Administration, Fleminggatan 4, SE-10420 Stockholm, Sweden;1. School of Automobile, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;2. Energy Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;1. School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong;2. Department of Applied Science, Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Chai Wan), Hong Kong;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;4. Environmental Protection Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong;5. Aerosol d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia;6. Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia |
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| Abstract: | Uncertainties still remain in the size and number emission of nucleation and soot mode particles from diesel vehicles and understanding of the nucleation process under different ambient conditions. Particle emission measurements were carried out with a EURO-3 certified European diesel passenger car running on low (<10 ppm S) and high (310 ppm S) sulfur fuel. A newly developed in situ diluter which sampled exhaust continuously from the tailpipe and diluted in two steps by a factor of 500–6000 was employed to study nucleation particle formation under well-controlled temperature and humidity conditions. Particle emission measurements were also carried out with a mobile laboratory chasing the exhaust plume of the same vehicle in summer (19–25 °C) and winter (9 °C), with no significant difference of the nucleation or soot mode particle emission found. The particle size distributions compared well with those measured in the laboratory with the same vehicle under identical driving conditions. Simple nucleation and coagulation calculations were compared with the atmospheric and laboratory measurements. It was shown that the primary dilution step had the largest impact on the nucleation mode formation, while the model overpredicted the influence of temperature and humidity. No nucleation mode particles were observed running the diesel vehicle on low (<10 ppm S) fuel. |
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