Particle size and composition distribution analysis of automotive brake abrasion dusts for the evaluation of antimony sources of airborne particulate matter |
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| Institution: | 1. Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 378 Kamioki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan;2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan;3. Akebono Brake Industry, Co., Ltd., 5-4-71 Higashi, Hanyu, Saitama 348-8509, Japan;4. Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan;1. Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom;2. Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;3. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom;1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;2. Brembo SpA, Stezzano, Italy;3. Department of Machine Design, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;1. Brembo S.p.A., Bergamo, Italy;2. Dept. of Machine Design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Dept. of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy;1. TNO Climate Air and Sustainability, P.O. Box 80015, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Deltares, Soil and Subsurface, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Abrasion dusts from three types of commercially available non-steel brake pads were generated by a brake dynamometer at disk temperatures of 200, 300 and 400 °C. The number concentration of the abrasion dusts and their aerodynamic diameters (Dp) were measured by using an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) spectrometer with high temporal and size resolution. Simultaneously, the abrasion dusts were also collected based on their size by using an Andersen low-volume sampler, and the concentrations of metallic elements (K, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sb and Ba) in the size-classified dusts were measured by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The number distributions of the brake abrasion dusts had a peak at Dp values of 1 and 2 μm; this peak shifted to the coarse side with an increase in the disk temperature. The mass distributions calculated from the number distributions have peaks between Dp values of 3 and 6 μm. The shapes of the elemental mass distributions (Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sb and Ba) in size-classified dusts were very similar to the total mass distributions of the brake abrasion dusts. These experimental results indicated that the properties of brake abrasion dusts were consistent with the characteristics of Sb-enriched fine airborne particulate matter. Based on these findings and statistical data, the estimation of Sb emission as airborne particulate matter from friction brakes was also discussed. |
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