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疫情背景下污水中的表面活性剂对污水处理效果的影响与机理
引用本文:郝晓地,杨振理,李季.疫情背景下污水中的表面活性剂对污水处理效果的影响与机理[J].环境工程学报,2021,15(6):1831-1839.
作者姓名:郝晓地  杨振理  李季
作者单位:北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室,中-荷未来污水处理技术研发中心,北京 100044
基金项目:国家自然科学基金;北京未来城市设计高精尖中心项目
摘    要:新冠疫情使人们洗手消毒的频次增加,导致比平日更多的表面活性剂进入污水处理厂,这可能会影响污水、污泥的处理过程。市政污水中表面活性剂的质量浓度一般为5~20 mg·L?1,而在疫情期间可达10~30 mg·L?1。污水经处理后,其中的表面活性剂仅1%随出水外流,约10%~20%则进入剩余污泥。尽管污水中表面活性剂的宏观含量并不高,但其特殊两性分子结构会降低氧传质效率、破坏污泥絮体结构,并影响脱氮除磷微生物的活性与丰度。在污泥处理方面,表面活性剂似乎会对污泥絮体脱水、解体与增溶产生正面效果,甚至还能促进污泥厌氧消化水解酸化。因此,有必要首先对表面活性剂来源、结构及其迁移转化进行梳理,进而阐述其对污水处理过程的负面影响与污水处理厂的应对措施,以及表面活性剂对污泥处理过程产生的积极影响,以期对污水处理厂在疫情背景下的运行措施调整提供参考。

关 键 词:表面活性剂    两性基团    氧传质    污泥絮体    脱氮除磷    分散增溶
收稿时间:2021-01-18

Effects and associated mechanisms of surfactants on wastewater treatment in the context of Covid-19
HAO Xiaodi,YANG Zhenli,LI Ji.Effects and associated mechanisms of surfactants on wastewater treatment in the context of Covid-19[J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,2021,15(6):1831-1839.
Authors:HAO Xiaodi  YANG Zhenli  LI Ji
Institution:Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
Abstract:Hand washing enhanced by the Covid-19 has caused more surfactants to flow into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which might affect both wastewater treatment and sludge disposal. Surfactants in municipal wastewater are usually at 5~20 mg·L?1, but it could climb to 10~30 mg·L?1 during the pandemic. Only about 1% of the influent surfactants generally remains in the effluent, and approximately 10%~20% is adsorbed into excess sludge. Although the content of surfactants in wastewater is not so high, their special amphiphilic molecular structures could reduce oxygen transfer efficiency, destroy sludge flocs, and affect the activity and abundance of microorganisms associated with nitrogen and phosphorus removal. As for sludge treatment, however, surfactants seem positive on dehydration, cell disintegration, solubilizing sludge flocs, and even anaerobic digestion like hydrolysis and acidification. Thus, it is a high priority to address the source, structure and migration & transformation of surfactants first, then to elucidate their influences and associated countermeasures on wastewater treatment, and finally to demonstrate their positive impacts on sludge treatment/disposal. The review is proposed to pay attention to the long-term effect of surfactants at a high content due to the pandemic, so as to study future operational measures that could alleviate the negative effects on wastewater treatment and simultaneously utilizes the positive effects on sludge treatment.
Keywords:surfactants  amphoteric groups  oxygen transfer  sludge flocs  nitrogen and phosphorus removal  dispersion and solubilization
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