基于便携式风洞的防尘网风蚀扬尘控制效率测试

采用PI-SWERL对防尘网的风蚀扬尘PM_2.5控制效率进行了测试，分析了防尘网网目密度和极大风速对控制效率的影响，并与水的控制效率进行了比较。结果表明：防尘网的风蚀扬尘PM_2.5控制效率随网目密度增大而增大，随风速增大而增大，风速为17.2 m·s⁻¹(相当于8级风)时100、650、800和1 600目防尘网的控制效率分别为14.2%、54.2%、71.2%和93.4%；网目密度为100、650、800、1 600、2 000目的5种防尘网归一化单价关系约为0.13∶0.20∶0.44∶0.64∶1.00，归一化费效比关系约为0.87∶0.36∶0.60∶0.66∶1.00，1 600目左右的防尘网控制风蚀扬尘具有较好的费效比；800目防尘网与洒水48 h之后的效率(72.4%)接近，1 600目防尘网与水的控制效率差值随风速增大而增大。因此，与洒水相比，防尘网是一种有效的风蚀扬尘防治措施，建议在不同土壤类型裸地开展防尘网的控制效率及抑尘有效期测试，并研究将防尘网纳入我国塑料污染治理范畴的必要性和可行性。

Test of dust control efficiency based on a portable in-situ wind erosion laboratory

Based on the evaluation of control efficiency of wind erosion dust by the portable in-situ wind erosion laboratory (PI-SWERL), the control efficiency of PM2.5 from wind erosion dust by plastic gauze and water is compared, and the influence of mesh density and maximum wind speed on the control efficiency is analyzed. Results show that the PM2.5 control efficiency of the plastic gauze increases with the increase of mesh density and wind speed. When the wind speed is 17.2 m·s−1 (equivalent to fresh gale), the control efficiency of 100, 650, 800 and 1 600 mesh gauze is 14.2%, 54.2%, 71.2% and 93.4%, respectively. The normalized unit price relationship of 5 kinds of plastic gauze with mesh density of 100, 650, 800, 1 600 and 2 000 is about 0.13∶0.20∶0.44∶0.64∶1.00, and the normalized cost-effectiveness ratio is about 0.87∶0.36∶0.60∶0.66∶1.00. Plastic gauze with 1 600 mesh has the best cost-effectiveness. The efficiency of 800 mesh is similar to that of watering after 48 hours (71.2%). The control efficiency difference between the 1 600 mesh plastic gauze and sprinkler increases with the increase of wind speed. Compared with sprinkling water, the plastic gauze is an effective control measure to reduce wind erosion dust. It is suggested that the control efficiency and effective period of dust suppression should be tested in different soil types, and the necessity and feasibility of bringing the plastic gauze into the plastic pollution control category in China need to be considered.