跨国界河流水环境风险防控与应急能力现状分析及建议

鉴于跨国界河流的极端敏感性和新形势下日益突出的水环境风险问题，为确保跨国界河流的水环境安全，全力维护我国与邻国边境地区稳定，开展跨国界河流水环境风险防控及环境应急能力建设迫在眉睫。目前，跨国界河流流域水环境存在的主要问题和短板包括水环境风险底数不清、风险防控与应急体系尚未建立、监控预警及应急监测能力薄弱及应急物资保障体系薄弱等。针对上述问题，建议全面开展跨国界河流突发性环境风险评估，建立“一河一策一图”水环境风险防控工程体系，提升跨国界河流水环境风险防控与环境应急能力，并建立跨国界河流水环境应急物资储备管理体系。

Status analysis and optimization suggestions on water environmental risk prevention and control and environmental emergency response capabilities of cross-border rivers

Cross-border rivers are extremely sensitive and water environment risks have become increasingly prominent. In order to ensure the safety of the water environment of cross-border rivers and maintain the stability between our country and neighboring countries, it is urgent to implement the prevention and control of water environmental risks, and the construction of environmental emergency response capabilities in cross-border rivers. The main problems and shortcomings of the water environment include: 1) water environment risk is unclear, 2) the risk prevention and control and emergency response system has not been established, and 3) the monitoring, early warning and emergency monitoring capabilities and emergency material security system are weak. To address these problems, it is recommended to comprehensively implement emergency environmental risk assessment, establish a "one river, one policy, one map" water environment risk prevention and control engineering system, improve capabilities of water environment risk prevention and control and environmental emergency treatment, and establish the management system for the emergency material reserve of water environment in cross-border rivers.