Prediction of distance to maximum intensity of turbulence generated by grid plate obstacles in explosion-induced flows |
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| Institution: | 1. Air Force Institute of Technology, Nigerian Air Force, Nigeria;2. Energy Research Institute University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;1. School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China;2. Anhui International Joint Research Center on Hydrogen Safety, Hefei 230009, PR China;3. Engineering Research Center of Safety Critical Industrial Measurement and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, PR China;1. College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People''s Republic of China;2. Center for Safety, Environmental, and Energy Conservation Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People''s Republic of China;3. Saifeite Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266061, People''s Republic of China;4. State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266580, People''s Republic of China;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N6N5, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The interaction of unburnt gas flow induced in an explosion with an obstacle results in the production of turbulence downstream of the obstacle and the acceleration of the flame when it reaches this turbulence. Currently, there are inadequate experimental measurements of these turbulent flows in gas explosions due to transient nature of explosion flows and the connected harsh conditions. Hence, majority of measurements of turbulent properties downstream of obstacles are done using steady-state flows rather than transient flows. Consequently, an empirical based correlation to predict distance to maximum intensity of turbulence downstream of an obstacle in an explosion-induced flow using the available steady state experiments was developed in this study. The correlation would serve as a prerequisite for determining an optimum spacing between obstacles thereby determining worst case gas explosions overpressure and flame speeds. Using a limited experimental work on systematic study of obstacle spacing, the correlation was validated against 13 different test conditions. A ratio of the optimum spacing from the experiment, xexp to the predicted optimum spacing, xpred for all the tests was between 2-4. This shows that a factor of three higher than the xpred would be required to produce optimum obstacle spacing that will lead to maximum explosion severity. In planning the layout of new installations, it is appropriate to identify the relevant worst case obstacle separation in order to avoid it. In assessing the risk to existing installations and taking appropriate mitigation measures it is important to evaluate such risk on the basis of a clear understanding of the effects of separation distance and congestion. It is therefore suggested that the various new correlations obtained from this work be subjected to further rigorous validation from relevant experimental data prior to been applied as design tools. |
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| Keywords: | Gas explosion Obstacles Obstacle spacing Turbulence intensity |
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