利用微核试验和彗星电泳试验评价黄河兰州段水质致遗传毒性作用

利用微核和彗星电泳试验对黄河兰州段鲤鱼(Cyprinuscarpio)红细胞大小及其DNA损伤(微核、核异常、单链断裂和遇碱不稳定点、双链断裂)进行了研究,并以刘家峡水库为对照.结果显示,黄河兰州段采得的鲤鱼其红细胞微核率显著增加(P<0.05),DNA单链断裂和遇碱不稳定点损伤比例和程度加重,但两样点差异不显著(P>0.05),这表明兰州段黄河水质有明显的致遗传毒性作用.同时两种检测结果显示,不同的遗传毒性检测手段具有不同的检测终点和机制,建议在监测环境污染致遗传毒性作用时考虑检测方法的统一和标准化,从而得到更可靠、全面的结果.图4表3参15

Evaluating Genotoxicity of Water Quality in Lanzhou Section of the Yellow River Using Micronucleus Test and Comet Assay

DNA damages (micronucleus, nuclear anomalies, DNA single-strand breakage and/or alkali-labile lesions, DNA double-strand breakage) and size of erythrocytes in Cyprinus carpio in the Lanzhou section of the Yellow River (LSYR) were determined by micronucleus test and comet assay, with Reservoir Liujiaxia (RL) as a CK site. The results showed that the percentage of erythrocytes micronucleus was significantly higher (P<0.05) in carps collected from LSYR, and the percentage and extent of DNA damage were higher in LSYR by alkaline comet assay, but no significant difference was noted between the two study sites (P>0.05). Therefore, the water in LSYR had high genotoxicity. Comparing the results from the two assays, it could be found that different test endpoints and different mechanisms were involved in different genotoxicity tests, so the unification and criteria of test systems should be considered for a reliable and comprehensive detection of genotoxicity of environmental pollution. Fig 4, Tab 3, Ref 15