长江源和黄河源的大型底栖动物群落特征研究

本研究于2009年8月和2010年7月对黄河源和长江源的大型底栖动物开展了系统调查。调查期间两区域共鉴定底栖动物66种，隶属于28科57属。其中，环节动物2科5属8种，软体动物2科2属5种，节肢动物23科49属52种，其它动物1科1属1种。长江源大型底栖动物种数、密度、生物量分别为29种、59 ind./m2、00 307 g dry mass/m2；黄河源大型底栖动物种数、密度、生物量分别为48种、369 ind./m2、04 520 g dry mass/m2。长江源动物资源量较低归因于泥沙含量较高和湿地退化。从生态环境的可持续发展角度出发，建设河源区生态屏障尤为重要，这需要实施天然林保护工程，因地制宜开展乔灌草植被建设，防止草地退化和沙化，减缓土壤侵蚀速率，减少河流输沙量，维系河流生态健康。

ASSEMBLAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN THE SOURCE REGION OF THE YANGTZE RIVER AND THE SOURCE REGION OF THE YELLOW RIVER

Field investigations of macrozoobenthos were conducted in August 2009 to the source region of the Yellow River,and in July 2010 to the source region of the Yangtze River.In these two source regions,altogether 66 taxa of macrozoobenthos belonging to 28 families and 57 genera were identified.Among them were 8 annelids,5 mollusks,52 arthropods and 1 other animal.In the source region of the Yangtze River,taxa number,density and biomass of macrozoobenthos were 29,59 ind./m2,0.0 307 g dry mass/m2,respectively.In the source region of the Yellow River,taxa number,density and biomass of macrozoobenthos were 48,369 ind./m2,0.4 520 g dry mass/m2,respectively.Lower animal resources in the source region of the Yangtze River were ascribed to high sediment concentration and wetland degradation.From the view of sustainable development of ecological environment,construction of the ecological protective screen for the river source region is significantly important.It is suggested that implementation of conservation project for natural forest and construction of arbor-shrub-grass vegetation can prevent grassland degradation and desertification,reduce soil erosion rate and river sediment discharge,thus,maintain river ecological health.