Spectroscopic changes on fulvic acids from a kraft pulp mill effluent caused by sun irradiation |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules (LMB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;2. National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA), 11, Bd Amirouche PO Box 67, Bou Ismaïl 42415, Tipaza, Algeria;3. Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules (LNPCB), University of Blida, 1, Road of Soumaâ, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria;4. Klin Productions, Detergents and Maintenance Products Industry, Road of Hencha Km 1.5, Z.I. Jbeniana, PO Box 247, Sfax 3080, Tunisia;1. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;2. College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China;3. Shandong Forest Tree Seedling Station, Jinan 250014, China;4. Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;5. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;1. School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China;2. Institute of Environmental Geology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China;3. Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China;4. Tianjin Environment Monitoring Center, Tianjin, 300191, China;5. College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010010, China |
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| Abstract: | Large volumes of wastewater with a high organic load are generated by the pulp and paper industry that negatively affect the quality of receiving waters. The main waste products in the pulp mill effluents are lignin derived macromolecular compounds, which are similar to natural humic substances and very resistant to wastewater treatments. Fulvic acids (FA) represent the higher percentage of these humic substances and it was observed that solar irradiation modify their properties. Several analytic tools, namely, UV–Visible, molecular fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopies, were used to assess the effect of solar exposition on fulvic acids from a kraft pulp mill effluent. It may be concluded that sun irradiation may alter to a high extent the physicochemical properties of macromolecular organic matter, namely fulvic acids, released by kraft pulp mill effluents. After solar exposition, the aromaticity decreases, the aliphatic structures become more oxygenated, and the fulvic acids from the pulp mill effluent remaining in solution are more similar to aquatic fulvic acids from non polluted sites. |
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