关于长江流域生态环境系统演变与调控研究的思考

长江流域丰富的资源、发达的经济、独特的自然特征、复杂的人地关系和严重的生态环境态势 ,决定了开展长江流域生态环境系统演变与优化调控研究 ,在国际流域科学研究和我国可持续发展研究中的重要意义。本研究的关键科学问题是 :流域生态环境系统的演化过程与退化机理及其主要驱动力 ;山—河—湖—海互动规律及其耦合关系 ;流域各子系统间的物理通量 (水、沙等 )和化学通量 (碳、氮等 )的传输和循环机理 ;流域资源和环境的承载力及流域生态安全的调控和管理等。主要研究内容包括 :流域生态环境系统演化规律及动力学 ,流域山—河—湖—海的互动规律及耦合机理 ,流域物化通量的传输过程与循环机制 ,重大生态环境问题的成因与退化生态环境的修复途径 ,流域生态环境系统的结构、功能的区划与制图 ,保障流域生态环境系统安全的优化调控与管理等。用地球系统科学的思想为指导 ,从流域整体演化角度着手 ,广泛收集各种资料 ,采取最先进的技术方法 ,强调点、线、面调查结合 ,定性与定量分析结合 ,自然演化系统与社会行为系统的结合等 ,是本项研究的主要技术途径

SOME CONSIDERATION ON EVOLUTION AND CONTROL OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM IN YANGTZE BASIN

The abundant resources, developed economy, particular nature characteristics, complicated human-earth relationship and serious ecological environment situation in the Yangtze basin determine significance of study of environment system evolution and optimal adjustment in international valley science and national sustainable development studies. The followings are the key problems of this paper: valley environment system evolutional process and degenerated mechanism and their main dynamics, mountain-river-lake-sea interaction law and corresponding relationship; transmission and circulation mechanism of physical flux (water, sand, and so on) and chemical flux (carbon, nitrogen and so on) between valley subsystems, carrying capability of valley resources and environment, adjustment and management of valley ecological security. The main contents studied in this paper are as follows: valley ecological environment system evolutional law and dynamics, valley mountain-river-lake-sea interaction laws and their coupling mechanism, formation causes of the big ecological environmental problem and repair approaches of degenerated ecological environment, regional planning and cartography of structure and function of valley ecological environment system, optimal adjustment and management of ensuring valley ecological system security, and so on. The authors use earth systemic scientific thought, start from the whole valley evolution, collect widely all kinds of data, take the most advanced technological measures, emphasize combination of point and line and surface, combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, combination of natural evolution system and social behavior system.