Atmospheric deposition of toxaphene to eastern north America derived from peat accumulation |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;2. The Main School of Fire Service, Faculty of Fire Safety Engineering, 52/54 Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, Poland;3. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Department of Air Protection, 22B Konarskiego St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;4. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;2. Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, United Kingdom;1. Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 7920 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA;2. South Florida/Caribbean Network Inventory and Monitoring, National Park Service, 18001 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33157, USA;3. Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA;1. Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia;2. Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;3. Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia |
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| Abstract: | Dated peat cores from Minnesota east to Nova Scotia analyzed for toxaphene provided spatial variation in historical and recent atmospheric fluxes and an atmospheric input function for toxaphene extending over the past 40 years. This input function is consistent with toxaphene production data and the input of a well documented insecticide, DDT. Total core burdens of toxaphene across a west to east transect were highest in the upper midwest and Nova Scotia, with recent peat accumulation rates ranging from 0.5 to 9 μg m−2a−1. Atmospheric concentrations of toxaphene, back-calculated from accumulation rates in peat, range from 8 to 150 pg m−3, in agreement with recently-measured concentrations in remote atmospheres. Recent atmospheric inputs of toxaphene are two to four times those of PCBs and DDT, respectively. |
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