A method for developing ozone exposures that mimic ambient conditions in agricultural areas |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Université de Toulouse; INPT, UPS; IMFT (Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse), Allée Camille Soula, Toulouse F-31400, France;2. CNRS; IMFT, Toulouse 31400, France;3. CERFACS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, Toulouse Cedex 01 31057, France;4. Laboratoire EM2C, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Grande Voie des Vignes, Chatenay-Malabry cedex 92295, France;1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3032, USA;2. Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of M.O.E, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;3. Center for Combustion Energy, and Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;4. Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy;5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;6. Institute for Combustion and Gasdynamics - Fluid Dynamics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany;1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, United Kingdom;2. Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, CREATE Tower, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602;3. School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459 |
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| Abstract: | Ozone fumigations that mimic ambient ozone distributions facilitate the development of links between - 1.(1) vegetative effects results that are generated in the laboratory and the field and
- 2.(2) predictive effects models that depend upon ambient air quality data.
Experimental exposure profiles were constructed from a readily available ambient air quality data base (i.e. EPA SAROAD). Air quality data from selected monitoring sites were characterized over the 5-month growing season by identifying - 1.(a) the number of occurrences of hourly ozone concentrations equal to or above 0.07 ppm,
- 2.(b) the number of days of each episode,
- 3.(c) the number of days between episodes and
- 4.(d) the rate of rise and decline of the daily ozone concentrations.
An episodic profile was constructed incorporating the information into a representative 30-day ozone exposure pattern in which the concentration was changed on an hourly basis. In order to compare treatments having equivalent exposures (sum of hourly ozone concentrations equal to or above a minimum value) but dissimilar temporal distributions of hourly concentrations, a second profile was created. This profile was characterized by a repeated daily incremental rise and decline in ozone concentration that had the same hourly maximum concentration each day. The use of experimental exposure profiles mimicking ambient air quality characteristics and applied under controlled experimental conditions permits the examination of important exposure parameters on plant response. |
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