岷江上游脆弱生态环境刍论

岷江上游地区位于长江上游四川省西北部。该地区既是长江上游生态屏障的重要组成部分，又是成都平原的水源生命线。但几十年来，该区域植被的大量砍伐和土地的不合理利用，引起了一系列生态失调问题，被列为南方山地典型脆弱生态环境区。在分析岷江上游地区脆弱生态环境现状的基础上，探讨了其形成的自然因素：地质条件的不稳定性、地貌状况和地面组成物质的脆弱性以及气候类型的多样性和人为因素：土地的过度垦殖、土地资源的不合理利用以及草场的过度放牧等，提出了改善该区脆弱生态环境的对策。结果表明，科学利用与发展林草植被，提高林草植被覆盖率、加大坡耕地的坡改梯力度，合理利用土地、重视干旱河谷的治理、聚落的重建与迁建以及农村剩余劳动力的转移等既可改善该区生态环境，又可促进资源的合理利用与开发，最终使该区甚至整个川西地区的经济朝着良性循环的方向发展。

VULNERABILITY OF THE ECO-ENVIRONMENT IN THE UPPER REACHES OF MINJIANG RIVER

The upper reaches of Minjiang River lies in the upper reaches of Yangtze River,northwest of Sichuan province,and serves as one of the important ecological barries for the Yangtze River and the major water supplying area to Chengdu plain.However,a series of ecologically maladjusted problems have emerged because of the massive lop and reasonless utilization of vegetation in recent decades.The area has been ranked among the typically vulnerable eco-environments.On the basis of analyzing the actuality of the vulnerable eco-environment in the upper reaches of Minjiang River,the physical and artificial factors,such as geology instability,physiognomy and surface geometry vulnerability,diversity of climatic type,illogical use of land resources,and the excessive grazing,are discussed.It is indicated that the countermeasures,such as exploiting and utilizing the pasture scientifically,improving the vegetation's overlay rate,increasing the degree of land use,renovating the droughty watercourse,rebuilding the habitations and transferring the extra rural labor forces,could improve the eco-environment and the resource's reasonable utilization and exploitation.The economy in this area can then be improved,and so can the economy in west Sichnan province.