一种多格子模型的实现及其对单室疏散过程的分析

采用一个多格子模型,针对一个正方形的大厅对人员疏散过程进行了模拟.通过与传统格子气模型的比较,发现多格子模型模拟的人员疏散特征与紧急情况下的人员疏散相符,所以多格子模型更适于模拟紧急情况下的人员疏散.对多格子模型,疏散过程存在人员整齐排列和杂乱排列两种状态,行人单个时间步运动的格子数决定了两种状态的分配,导致在疏散时间与单个时间步运动的格子数的关系中会出现疏散时间局部最小现象.采用多格子模型对具有多种速度的人群的疏散进行模拟还发现多速度人群中不同速度人之间的扰动会使得疏散更多地处在人员杂乱排列状态,此时的疏散效率低于单速度人群.

Analysis of Single-Room Evacuation with Multi-grid Model

The evacuation process in a square hall is studied with a multi-grid model.It is found that the multi-grid model gets results closer to actual experience,compared with traditional single-grid model.The pedestrians in evacuation behave at two states,i.e.the order queue and disorder queue.The chances of the two states are impacted by the number of grids that the pedestrian walks in each time step,leading to local minimum evacuation time.Furthermore,the evacuation of a crowd with multiple velocities is simulated,and it is found that pedestrians with different velocities influence each other and thus make the evacuation more disordered so as to reduce the evacuation efficiency.