不同菌种组合对发酵残余物好氧堆肥进程及氮素变化的影响

适宜菌剂组合对于初始电导率（Electronic conductivity，EC）较高的发酵残余物二次干化腐熟效果具有重要影响。通过在发酵残余物（猪场沼渣、城市生活污泥）好氧发酵过程中添加不同菌种组合，研究堆肥腐熟指标变化，特别是不同形态氮素指标变化，以期更好提升发酵残余物的干化和腐熟程度。结果表明：F3菌剂组合处理高温期达16 d，最高温度为69.5℃，最早进入腐熟阶段，全氮损失比例最少，为8.72%；对照组在高温期（14 d、69.3℃）及全氮损失比例（9.21%）指标上仅低于F3处理组，表明自然堆体存在耐盐菌种；在促进堆肥腐熟效果方面，霉菌起着关键的作用，堆肥后期酵母菌的存在促进堆体腐熟度的提升；菌种比例和种类的合理设置对于堆体腐熟度提高的重要性要高于活菌添加量；在堆肥保氮过程中，真菌（霉菌和酵母菌）起着重要作用。F3处理（即芽孢杆菌：霉菌：酵母菌=1：2：2），是实现发酵残余物快速高效堆肥的理想菌剂配方，其他复配菌种组合保氮效果改良侧重点各不相同。

Effects of maturity and N variation during aerobic composting of fermentation residue by adding with different strains composition

The compost maturity of fermentation residue with greater initial EC was greatly influenced by the combination of inoculants. Thus, to enhance the drying process and compost maturity of fermentation residue(biogas sludge of pig manure, municipal sewage sludge), the change of composting indexes, particularly for different nitrogen forms have been investigated by adopting different combination of inoculants in the aerobic fermentation process of the fermentation residue. The results showed that, the high temperature period in F3 treatment lasted 16 d, the maximum temperature was 69.5℃, the total N loss was lowest with 8.72%;The control group was only lower than the F3 treatment group in the high temperature period (14 d,69.3℃) and the total nitrogen loss ratio (9.21%), indicating that there were salt-tolerant bacteria in the natural reactor. Mold played an important role in enhancing the composting maturity;meanwhile, the presence of yeast had the same effect in the late composting period. To improve the maturity of the reactor, the proportion and variety of species was more important than the amount of viable bacteria. In keeping of nitrogen, fungi(mold and yeast) played a critical role in retaining nitrogen during composting. In conclusion, F3 treatment (bacillus:mold:yeast=1:2:2) is an ideal microbial inoculum for rapid and efficient composting process of fermentation residue;effect of other strategy of inoculants combination on optimizing of retaining nitrogen were different.