环渤海海洋产业绿色GDP核算

绿色GDP核算是反映经济-环境系统交互作用，继而进行综合计量的重要工具.以可持续发展为主题，借鉴联合国环境经济核算方法，以环渤海地区为研究区，选取数据可得性最好的2013年为核算期开展GGOP(海洋产业绿色GDP)核算研究，并以辽宁、河北、天津和山东4个省级行政区为研究单元进行拆分.结果表明:2013年环渤海地区GOP(海洋产业生产总值)约为1.97×1012元，GGOP约为1.84×1012元，占GOP的93.44%，资源耗减、生态系统破坏、环境损失和环境活动分别扣减了GOP的2.54%、0.16%、1.70%和2.15%.环渤海地区2013年的渔业没有造成资源耗减，而对海洋油气资源的开采造成的资源耗减损失约为5.02×1010元.通过围填海造成的生态系统破坏损失约为3.11×109元.环渤海地区海洋产业污染物产生的虚拟成本约为3.36×1010元.国家和省级海洋部门对渤海的环境管理活动支出约为4.42×109元；环渤海地区海洋环境和资源利用投入研究经费约3.81×1010元.环渤海各省市中，辽宁省扣减比例为5.30%，其中环境损失占扣减总值的44.77%；河北省与辽宁省相近，扣减比例为5.04%；天津市扣减比例最大，为13.09%，其中资源耗减占扣减总值的69.74%；山东省扣减比例为4.34%，其中环境管理活动支出占扣减总值的50.82%.研究结果扩展了绿色GDP核算方法的适用范围，探索了绿色核算在海洋经济中的核算方法和核算技术，有助于环渤海各省市海洋经济发展调控政策的制订. 

Green GDP Accounting of Ocean Industries along Bohai Rim

Abstract: Green Gross Domestic Product (GGDP) accounting is an important tool to reflect the interaction between environment and economic systems, and can be used to balance local environmental protection and economic development. Based on the principle of sustainable development, we calculated the Green Gross Ocean Product (GGOP) of the Bohai Rim in 2013, as the sum of GGOPs in four provinces, including Tianjin City and Liaoning, Hebei and Shandong provinces. The results showed that:the GGOP of Bohai Rim was about 1.84×10¹² RMB, accounting for 93.44% of the total GOP (about 1.97×10¹² RMB). However, the ocean resource depletion, ecological degradation and environmental pollution led to 2.54%, 0.16% and 1.70% of GOP loss respectively, while the environmental protection also resulted in about 2.15% of GOP output. Fishing did not result in any resource depletion in 2013, but offshore oil and gas exploitation caused some resource depletion, costing about 5.02×10¹⁰ RMB. Land reclamation resulted in about 3.11×10⁹ RMB of the GOP loss. The virtual cost of pollutants from ocean industries or rivers was about 3.36×10⁹ RMB. The government expended about 4.42×10⁹ RMB for protecting the local environment, in which the research investment for environmental protection and resource exploitation was about 3.81×10¹⁰ RMB. At the provincial level, the difference between GOP and GGOP accounted for 5.30% of the total GOP, 44.77% of which was from environmental pollution. The difference in Hebei Province was about 5.30% of its GOP, similar to Liaoning Province. The loss of GOP along the Bohai Sea Rim showed the largest proportion in Tianjin City, about 13.09% of GOP, with ocean resource depletion resulting in about 69.74% of these losses. For Shandong Province, the difference was only 4.34% of its GOP, half of which was used for environmental protection.