美国生态毒理数据库(ECOTOX)对中国数据库构建的启示

生态毒性数据库对于环境保护科学研究特别是环境基准研究具有非常重要的作用.目前，尚缺乏能够支撑我国环境管理工作的基础毒性数据库和平台，已成为制约我国开展环境基准、生态风险评估、环境质量评价、污染治理、毒理学等方面研究的瓶颈之一，因此亟需建立具有中国本土生物的毒性数据库和平台.ECOTOX（Ecotoxicology Knowledgebase，美国生态毒理数据库）的技术和经验对中国同类数据库构建有重要的启示作用.该研究系统综述了ECOTOX构建的核心内容:文献收集条件、数据来源、数据采集过程和数据收集元素，并与国内目前的毒性数据库和与生态调查数据密切相关的数据库进行了对比研究.ECOTOX存在数据收集内容有待增加、数据库构建方法落后、非英文文献中的毒性数据收集较少、与生态毒理学相关研究链接不够紧密的问题，同时我国毒性数据库的实用性和可靠性也有待进一步提高.从开展环境基准、生态风险评估和毒理学深入研究的角度，提出构建中国生态毒性数据库的建议，如提供完整、有效和共享的生态毒性数据资源，形成毒理数据整编标准和规范，衔接国内现有数据库，采用大数据云计算技术，注重中国本土生物和新型污染物毒性数据收集等. 

The Enlightenment of the Ecotoxicolohy Knowledgebase(ECOTOX) for Its Establishment in China

The ecotoxicology database plays an important role in Chinese environmental protection and scientific research, particularly in the study of environmental criteria.At present, the lack of a basic toxicity database and platform supporting China's environmental management work has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the country in carrying out the creation of environmental standards, ecological risk assessment, environmental quality assessment, pollution control, toxicology and so on.Therefore, the establishment of a local biological toxicity database and platform is urgently needed in China.The technology and experience of the Ecotoxicology Knowledgebase (ECOTOX) are widely implied for the creation of similar databases in China.The present paper systematically summarized the core content of the ECOTOX's formation, namely literature collection, data sources, data acquisition and data collection elements, and compared the current domestic toxicity database and other databases closely related to the ecological survey data.Some problems exist in the ECOTOX, for instance, data entries (fields) still need to be increased further; the database construction is counter-intuitive; relatively few toxicity data have been collected in non-English literature; the connection with research related to ecotoxicology is not enough close; and the existing Chinese toxicity database lacks practicability and has poor reliability.From the perspectives of environmental standards, ecological risk assessment and toxicology research development, this paper proposes the creation of a Chinese ecological toxicity database, including complete, shared and effective ecological toxicity data resources; the formation of toxicological data processing standards and norms; the cohesion of existing domestic databases; and the use of large data cloud computing technology, with a focus on the collection of the local Chinese biology and toxicity data of new pollutants.