生活垃圾的控氧热转化中试实验

热解气化是固体废弃物能源化处置技术发展的主要方向，针对未分选混合生活垃圾，提出了一种新型两段式移动床固体废弃物控氧热转化反应装置。该反应器由两段结构组成：前段往复炉排作为垃圾的干燥热解段，后段旋转流化床作为物料燃尽段。实验研究发现，控制气化室过量空气系数对城市生活垃圾的热转化过程以及二恶英的产生、垃圾中重金属迁移转化等污染物的行为影响显著。气化室过量空气系数在0.5~0.7之间有利于提高二燃室和炉膛出口温度。从污染物的控制来讲，一次风过量空气系数在0.5，总的过量空气系数1.52左右对燃烧常规污染物和二恶英的控制最有利。从底渣和飞灰毒性上考虑，低的ER有利于底渣中的重金属浸出量，当ER≤0.3，底渣的浸出毒性均低于危险废弃物的浸出值，可作为一般废弃物处理。

Pilot test of heat transfer in solid waste control oxygen

Based on the existing gasification theory and solid waste heat transfer mechanism, in order to strengthen the reaction characteristics of combustible solid waste during the process of heat transfer, a new type of two-stage moving bed solid waste heat transfer reaction system was proposed. The new reaction system consists of two parts. The first involves full combustion of the fuel to sequentially alter the anterior reciprocating grate moving bed and sections of the rotary grate spray movable bed, to improve combustion efficiency. The second deals with airflow from above to control the oxygen chamber and the high secondary combustion chamber, to reduce the emissions of dioxin and other pollutants by having a controlled atmosphere. Considering the toxicity of the bottom ash and fly ash, a lower ER was beneficial for decreasing the leaching toxicity of the bottom ash. When ER ≤ 0.3,the leaching toxicity of the bottom ash was lower than it was for the hazardous waste leachates. Therefore, the bottom ash can be treated as general waste.