农林生物质燃烧尘中碳组分与水溶性无机离子的分布特征

以吕梁的小米秆、豆秆、玉米秆、树叶和草叶5种典型农林生物质为研究对象，进行燃烧实验，用武汉天虹TH-150C型中流量大气综合采样仪对排放的烟尘进行采集。分析其碳组分（有机碳OC和元素碳EC）及水溶性无机离子，以期为颗粒物来源研究提供重要数据支撑。结果显示：5种农林生物质燃烧尘中，TC（total carbon）在颗粒物中所占比例介于62.37%~73.46%之间，碳组分是农林生物质燃烧尘的重要组成部分，其中，尤其以树叶燃烧尘中OC和EC的百分含量最大，分别达到39.78%和33.68%；生物质燃烧尘中碳组分的百分含量仅次于机动车尾气尘，但远大于煤烟尘、土壤风沙尘、建筑水泥尘和道路尘等源；OC/EC值介于1.15~1.26之间，该值可以初步用来作为判定农林生物质燃烧的一个重要指标；K+，Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH4+、F-、Cl-、SO42-和NO3-等9种水溶性无机离子之和在颗粒物中所占比例介于18.22%~24.12%之间，水溶性无机离子是农林生物质燃烧尘的重要组成部分；SO42-、K+、Cl-、F-是4种最主要的水溶性性无机离子；生物质燃烧尘中K+主要以KCl的形式存在。

Distribution of carbon components and water-soluble inorganic ions in biomass burning dust

The native five kinds of typical biomass in Lvliang, which are millet stalks, bean straw, corn stalk, wheat straw, leaves and grass that had been gathered to do research, are the research subjects. Then burning dust were collected using medium flow atmospheric particulate sampler of TH-150C. To analyze its carbon components (organic carbon and elemental carbon) and water-soluble inorganic ions in order to get the supportted datas for tracking the source of particulate matter.The results show the percentage of TC (total carbon) in the five agricultural and forestry biomass burning dust is range from 62.37% to 73.46%. Carbon components was an important part of agricultural and forestry biomass burning dust. The ratio of OC/EC can be regarded as an important index to judge the dust from biomass burning.The percentage of OC and EC in leaves burning dust are the higgest in the five biomass,who reach 39.78% and 33.68%. The percentage of carbon components of biomass burning dust is lower than vehicle exhaust dust,but higer than coal,soil,building cement and road dust. The percentage of the sum of the nine kinds of water-soluble inorganic ions, which are K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,NH4+,F-,Cl-,SO42- and NO3- are range from 18.22% to 24.12%. Water-soluble inorganic ions is an important part of the agricultural and forestry biomass burning dust. SO42-,K+,Cl- and F- are the most important water-soluble inorganic ions of the nine, the presence form of K+ in biomass burning dust is KCl.