厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动及微生物群落结构分析

构建了2个装载不同填料的厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器（R1：载活性炭的K3填料；R2：普通K3填料），对比研究了2种厌氧氨氧化系统的启动特征、脱氮性能，分析了R1反应器的微生物群落结构变化规律，并对R1不同高程的基质去除特征和微生物群落组分进行了解析。结果发现，R1在第86天启动成功，短于R2的100 d，长期运行后R1和R2的最大氮容积负荷（NLR）分别为2.156和2.122 g·（L·d）-1，最大氮去除负荷（NRR）分别达到1.855和1.815 g·（L·d）-1。在R1中，内部基质浓度随高度增加而降低，进水NH4+-N浓度较低时（50、100 mg·L-1）和较高时（350、450 mg·L-1），基质的去除分别集中在反应器高度0~7 cm和17~37 cm处，而且厌氧氨氧化菌含量与氮去除率间呈正相关关系。另外，R1运行过程中厌氧氨氧化优势菌种由Candidatus brocadia（20 d）变为Candidatus Jettenia和Candidatus Kuenenia的混合菌种（134 d）。

Startup of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process and analysis of microbial community structure

In this study, two up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors namely R1 with activated carbon-based K3 carrier and R2 with common K3 carrier were built. Both the startup features and nitrogen removal performance of two anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process were compared. For R1, microbial community changes were analyzed and substance removal features as well as microbial community components under different heights were also evaluated. Results showed that the startup time of R1 was 86 days, which was smaller than 100 days of R2. The largest nitrogen loading removal (NLR) of R1 and R2 were 2.156 and 2.122 g·(L·d)-1, while the largest nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of R1 and R2 were 1.855 and 1.815 g·(L·d)-1. For R1, substance concentrations decreased as height increased, and under low influent NH4+-N concentration (50,100 mg·L-1), nitrogen removal was mainly at 0 to 7 cm of reactor, while 17 to 37 cm under high influent NH4+-N concentration (350,450 mg·L-1), respectively. The microbial content was positively correlated with nitrogen removal in R1. The dominance of Candidatus brocadia at 20 d and mixed genus of Candidatus Jettenia and Candidatus Kuenenia at 134 d in R1 were found.