ABR处理模拟畜禽养殖废水中有机物的快速启动与运行优化研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）处理模拟畜禽养殖废水的快速启动过程与运行条件的优化。通过接种厌氧颗粒污泥、固定停留时间、逐步升高进水负荷的方式进行快速启动；64 d后，ABR的有机负荷（OLR）达到5.7 kg COD·（m3·d）-1，COD去除率为98%，表明快速启动成功。ABR各格室中成熟颗粒污泥的浓度在7.14~26.17 g·L-1之间，中位直径从开始启动时的0.89 mm增长到1.18~1.58 mm，平均增长速度为7.28×10-3 mm·d-1。通过16Sr DNA、PCR-DGGE技术对ABR的成熟颗粒污泥的微生物群落进行分析，发现了序列最相似的产酸菌包括：Raoultella ornithinolytica、Uncultured Clostridiales bacterium、Staphylococcus sp.、Propionibacterium sp.、Uncultured Acidobacteria bacterium、Brevibacterium casei等，产氢菌Uncultured Clostridium sp.等，以及产甲烷菌Uncultured Firmicutes bacterium等，且这些微生物从ABR第1格室到第5格室呈现种类和丰度依次递减的趋势，不同格室中微生物群落发生了演替。在水力停留时间（HRT） 24 h，运行温度（32±1）℃时ABR处理模拟畜禽养殖废水的效果较好。

Study on quick start-up and operation optimization of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) treating synthetic livestock wastewater

The start-up and operation optimization of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) were studied for treating synthetic livestock wastewater. Anaerobic granular sludge was employed as the seed sludge for ABR start-up. As the organic loading rate (OLR) increased gradually, the start-up duration of ABR lasted 64 days until the OLR reached 5.7 kg COD·(m3·d)-1and COD removal rates approached 98%. The MLSS values of anaerobic granular sludge in ABR compartments were 7.14 to 26.17 g·L-1, and their median diameters increased from 0.89 mm of seed sludge to 1.18-1.58 mm. The average growth rate was 7.28×10-3 mm·d-1. On the basis of PCR-DGGE analysis, several kinds of bacteria with similar sequences were observed in ABR, including acidogens like Raoultella ornithinolytica, uncultured Clostridiales bacterium, Staphylococcus sp., Propionibacterium sp., uncultured Acidobacteria bacteria, and Brevibacterium casei, methanogens like uncultured Firmicutes bacteria, and hydrogenogens like uncultured Clostridium sp.. Both species and richness of these microbes decreased along ABR compartments, indicating the occurrence of microbial community succession. ABR could therefore be used in treating the synthetic livestock wastewater at 24 h of HRT and (32±1)℃.