基于DEA非期望产出的中国矿业废水治理效率评价

运用数据包络分析（DEA）非期望产出模型评价了采选冶炼等10个行业2003—2012年的废水治理效率。评价表明：2003—2012年间中国矿业废水治理效率呈现出波动上升的态势且采选行业与冶炼行业的效率从差异较大到基本上趋于一致；黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、非金属矿采选业、非金属矿制品业、有色金属矿采选业属于效率较高的行业。煤炭开采和洗选业、核实金属矿采选业、其他采矿业属于中等水平。有色金属冶炼及压延加工业、石油和天然气开采业、石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业属于效率低下的行业；效率低下首要原因是达标排放量产出不足，其次为污染物过量排放，最后为设施与费用投入冗余。

An appraise of wastewater treatment efficiency in China mineral industries based on DEA models with undesirable outputs

Quantification of wastewater treatment efficiency plays a significant role in environmental management. In this study, we evaluate the wastewater treatment efficiency of 10 mineral industries from 2003 to 2012 based on data envelope analyse(DEA) models with undesirable outputs. We reach three conclusions. First, the average wastewater treatment efficiency of Chinese mineral industries is increasing and the efficiency gap of mining industries and smelting industries tends to be consistent during the time period. Second, the ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, metal mining industry, nonmetallic mineral products industry, and nonferrous metal ore mining and dressing industry have the highest efficiency. Coal mining and washing industry, metal mining industry, and other mining industries have a medium level of efficiency. Nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, oil and natural gas mining industry, petroleum processing, coking, and nuclear fuel processing have low efficiency. Third, the low efficiency is the result of three aspects: mainly the output of the discharge, followed by the excessive discharge of pollutants, and finally, the cost of redundancy.