危机事件影响下环境政策变迁的过程、模式及机制研究

全球化和高速发展的城市化使得人类与生态之间的矛盾愈加严重，环境危机事件发生的频率不断上升，如何应对危机成为当今社会公共管理的主要议题。本文从环境危机事件的内涵与制度学诱因出发，通过梳理国内外相关理论和实证研究，对危机影响下环境政策变迁的过程、模式以及机制进行评述。研究表明，制度供求不匹配所带来的制度非均衡是导致环境危机出现的根本原因之一；环境危机事件有利于打破原有环境政策渐进性过程的路径依赖性，通过改变政府、公众、企业及其他利益相关体的机会格局与资源条件从而为主要政策变迁提供可能性。因此，危机事件影响下的环境政策变迁过程是自上而下和自下而上两种政策途径综合作用的结果。中国正处于“非稳定状态”的环境危机多发阶段，需要借鉴国外理论模型进行本土化研究。加强多学科之间的融合和有关理论的实际应用，为具有不同经济制度发展水平的地区制定区域可持续发展政策提供决策支持。

Review of policy change process,pattern and mechanism in response to enviromental crisis

Globalization and rapid urbanization causes fierce conflict between human activities and ecological environment, which results in the rising frequency of crisis events. Therefore, how to deal with the crisis is becoming a major social and public management issue. Based on the definition of environmental crisis event and analysis of its institutional incentives, this paper gave a review on the relevant theoretical and empirical research on the process, patterns and mechanisms of environmental policies in response to the crisis event. Result shows that： non-equilibrium institutional system caused by mismatch of the demand and supply institution is one of the most important reasons for environmental crisis; environmental crisis event helps to break the original path-dependent process which always takes on a progressive process; by changing the opportunity structure and resource conditions of stakeholders such as government, public and enterprises, environmental crisis might open an ＂opportunity window＂ and provide the possibility for major policy changes. In conclusion, environmental policy change in response to crisis is the combined result of top-down and bottom-up policy forming approaches. Nowadays, China is in a ＂non-steady state＂ phase of the crisis frequently-happening period, which needs us draw much more attention on making the theoretical models abroad localized, strengthening integration among multi-disciplinary as well as decreasing the distance between theoretical study and practical application. This study will provide decision support for sustainable development policies of regional areas with different institution and economy background.