土壤和地下水中多环芳烃生物降解研究进展

多环芳烃是一类普遍存在于环境中的难降解的危险性"三致"有机污染物。受污染的土壤和地下水中的多环芳烃,生物降解是其归宿的主要途径。研究表明,对于土壤中低分子量多环芳烃类化合物,微生物一般以唯一碳源方式代谢;而大多数细菌和真菌对四环或四环以上的多环芳烃的降解作用一般以共代谢方式开始。文章重点论述了多环芳烃的来源、降解多环芳烃的微生物、生物降解机理、影响生物降解的因素以及生物修复方法。认为今后的研究方向是高分子量多环芳烃的降解机理与降解途径,基因工程技术在多环芳烃生物降解方面的应用,以及生物表面活性剂产生的机理及其在实际处理中的应用等。

Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and groundwater: A review

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known as toxic,mutagenic,carcinogenic and persistence organic contami-nants in the environment. Biodegradation is the main process to the fate of PAHs in soils and groundwater. Numerous genera of bac-teria and fungi with the ability to utilize low molecular weight PAHs as sole carbon and energy sources have been reported. Limited numbers of bacteria and white rot fungi are found be able to co-metabolize PAHs with four or more fused aromatic rings,provided that another carbon source is present. The focus of this review is on the sources of PAHs in the environment,the microorganisms that degrade PAHs,biodegradation mechanisms and the methods that are used to remedy PAHs-comtaminated soils and groundwater. In addition,the emphases of the biodegradation of PAHs will be focused on bioremediation of high molecular weight PAHs,applica-tions of gene engineering on PAHs biodegradation and the generation mechanism and application of biosurfactants on PAHs degra-dation.