作物定植提升滨海盐土质量的研究——以覆盖条件下的甜高粱定植为例

通过开展田间试验，探究了耐盐作物甜高粱单个生长季（4月中旬~8月中旬）定植对新围垦滩涂盐土土壤理化、生物性状以及地表生物量提升作用.结果表明：高粱定植对垦区盐土土壤理化性状有显著改良效果.与NP（无覆盖+无甜高粱定植）和NPC（有覆盖+无甜高粱定植）处理相比，PC（有覆盖+甜高粱定植）显著降低了土壤含盐量、土壤容重，而显著增加了土壤含水量、总孔隙度、饱和含水量、田间持水量和有机质含量（P<0.05）；PC处理显著提高土壤可培养微生物（细菌、真菌、放线菌、纤维素分解菌和固氮菌）的数量；甜高粱收获前，PC土壤呼吸强度较NP和NPC分别增加35.71%、26.67%（P<0.05）；PC处理的地表生物量较NP和NPC处理分别增加3.86倍和3.16倍（P<0.05）.甜高粱定植可有效提升盐土土壤地力和生物功能，为新围垦区土地农业化利用提供一条生态可行的途径.

Crops planting on improvement of saline soil in coastal reclamation area: A case of sorghum planting under covering conditions

To investigate the effect of sorghum planting on coastal saline soil physicochemical properties, biological characteristics and surface biomass, a field experiment was carried out during single growth period (from middle April to middle August) in coastal reclamation area. The results showed that sorghum planting significantly (P<0.05) improved the soil physicochemical properties. Compared with NP (without covering and sorghum planting) and NPC (only covering), salt content and bulk density were significantly (P<0.05) decreased, while the water content, total porosity, maximum moisture capacity, field water capacity and organic matter content were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the treatment of PC (covering and sorghum planting). The populations of culturable microorganism (soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, cellulose decomposition bacteria and nitrogen fixation bacteria) were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the PC treatment. Before sorghum harvest, soil respiration intensity in the PC treatment was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 35.71% and 26.67%, respectively, as compared with NP and NPC. Surface biomass in the PC was 3.86 and 3.16 times higher than that of NP and NPC, respectively. In conclusion, sorghum planting efficiently improved soil quality and biological function, which provided an ecological and feasible way for agricultural utilization of land in new reclamation area.