低剂量双酚A影响哺乳动物神经发育研究现状及争议

为全面认识低剂量BPA（双酚A）对哺乳动物神经发育的影响，本文从中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science 3个数据库中获取了国内外关于低剂量BPA影响哺乳动物神经发育的研究报道，并使用toxR工具对其可信度进行评估，最终筛选获得26项相关研究；从美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）工作网站上获取最新BPA毒性报告1篇.通过比较分析这些研究，发现大部分研究报道低剂量BPA暴露导致哺乳动物神经行为、特定脑区内组织学结构和细胞特征、神经递质和激素稳态、脑中关键基因表达以及表观遗传特征发生改变.但是，就导致的神经行为的改变而言，一些研究的结果并不一致甚至有诸多矛盾之处.这些不一致的结果可能与动物实验设计的差异有关，其中神经行为测试的质量控制和统计方法中统计单元的选择对于研究结果的影响尤其值得关注.总之，从目前的文献来看，低剂量BPA对哺乳动物神经发育的影响尚待进一步的确认.

Research progress and controversy of low dose bisphenol A on neurodevelopment in mammals

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production volume chemical and ubiquitous in both the environment and the human body. Nowadays, a large number of animal studies have shown that BPA can affect brain development, along with epidemiological data supporting the results from animals. However, other studies, especially from regulatory agencies reported no significant developmental neurotoxicity of low doses of BPA. In order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of low-dose BPA on mammalian neurodevelopment, we obtained research reports on the effects of low-dose BPA on mammalian neurodevelopment from the three databases of CNKI, PubMed and Web of Science, and used the toxR tool to evaluate its credibility, and finally screened 26 relevant studies; obtained 1 latest BPA toxicity report from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) work website. The major studies reported that BPA caused abnormalities in neurobehaviors, histological structure and cellular features in certain specific brain regions, neurotransmitters and hormones, brain key gene expression, and epigenetic modifications in mammals. In terms of neurobehavioral alterations, however, some results were inconsistent and even contradictory, which may be due to some differences in experimental design, especial the quality control of neurobehavioral tests and the choose of statistical unit. Overall, further research is needed to clarify the effects of BPA on neurodevelopment in mammals.