中国典型湖泊四大类抗生素污染特征

基于已有文献资料数据，以中国东部平原湖区（31个），蒙新湖区（4个），二龙湖，青海湖及抚仙湖共38个典型湖泊为研究对象，总结分析四大类常用抗生素（四环素类，磺胺类，喹诺酮类和大环内酯类）在湖泊水体和沉积物中的污染特征.结果表明，四大类抗生素污染在中国典型湖泊中普遍存在，其中水体中抗生素污染水平依次为磺胺类（2147ng/L） > 喹诺酮类（1458ng/L） > 四环素类（481ng/L） > 大环内酯类（205ng/L），沉积物中抗生素的分布具有垂向差异特征，表层沉积物抗生素浓度高于深层沉积物.抗生素检出浓度在不同湖区间存在较大差异，其中东部平原湖区水体和沉积物中抗生素浓度显著高于其他湖区.相比入湖河流，湖区（如太湖贡湖湾和青海湖）水体中抗生素污染相对较高，表明湖区可能作为抗生素的汇集地.湖泊水体中的抗生素浓度分布呈现季节性差异，如太湖水体中抗生素浓度在春，夏及冬季高于秋季，而鄱阳湖，白洋淀和二龙湖在旱季（4月）高于雨季（8月）；而湖泊沉积物中抗生素季节性差异较不明显，这可能与抗生素在沉积物中的迁移性有关.

Pollution characteristics of four-type antibiotics in typical lakes in China

Based on existing literature data, we analyzed the pollution characteristics of four-type antibiotics used commonly, including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones and macrolides, in 38 typical lakes, which are distributed in eastern plain lake region (31), Mengxin lake district (4), Erlong Lake, Qinghai Lake and Fuxian Lake. The results showed that the four-type antibiotics were ubiquitous in waterbody and sediments of these lakes, and the pollution concentrations decreased as follows:SAs (2147ng/L)> quinolones (QNs, 1458ng/L)> tetracyclines (TCs, 481 ng/L)> macrolides (MLs, 205 ng/L). The antibiotics in sediments exhibited vertical difference, with higher pollution concentration in surface sediment than that in deep sediments. The antibiotics concentrations varied among different lake regions, and in the eastern plain lake region showed higher contamination level. Compared with the inflow rivers, lakes, such as the Gonghu Bay in Taihu Lake and Qinghai Lake, generally showed relatively higher contamination levels, suggesting that lakes serve as a reservoir of antibiotics. Seasonal comparison in pollution levels in waterbody of lakes showed that the antibiotic concentrations in pring, summer and winter was significantly higher than that in the autumn. For example, Poyang Lake, Baiyangdian Lake and Erlong Lake' antibiotic pollution was higher in dry season (April) than in rainy season (August). However, antibiotics concentrations in lake sediments were comparable between different seasons, probably resulting from the migration of antibiotics in sediments.