基于多源数据和模式模拟的新疆黑风暴东移个例分析

综合利用卫星遥感、环境监测、气象观测等多源监测数据，结合后向轨迹模式对2015年4月新疆一次黑风暴污染过程进行生成源地、路径与发展过程分析.结果表明：此次黑风暴过程的不同高度污染物主要随气流来源于新疆本地及其以西的中亚地区，在西南气流的作用下几乎同时进入北疆，沿天山北坡东移并且在乌鲁木齐堆积，继而从南疆盆地东口灌入南疆；同时，选取受此次黑风暴污染物东输影响的4个典型城市（乌鲁木齐、呼和浩特、兰州和北京），利用区域气候模式（RegCM4.6）模拟分析此次极端黑风暴东输过程中大量沙尘气溶胶对主要气象参数的影响，结果表明：受此次黑风暴东输过程（4月25~29日）影响的上述4个典型城市的AOD均有所增加，模拟所得污染程度与实际接近.对于沙尘在近地面2m的温度响应，北京市表现最为明显，最高达-1.68℃，乌鲁木齐表现不明显，沙尘过程中的近地面气温相较无沙尘时最高下降0.1℃，呼和浩特和兰州在AOD达到最大值时的温度响应分别为-0.4℃、-0.8℃.黑风暴期间，乌鲁木齐、呼和浩特、兰州的相对湿度响应最大值分别为-3.3%、-7.3%、-4.7%，而北京地区在29日AOD达最大值时，相对湿度相对于无沙尘时增加了10%左右.

Analysis of an episode of a black storm moving eastward from Xinjiang based on multi-source data and model simulation

Multi-Source monitoring data from satellite remote sensing, environmental monitoring and meteorological observation were comprehensively used to analyze the generation source, path and development process of a black storm in Xinjiang in April 2015 combining backward trajectory model. The results show that the pollutants at different heights during the black storm mainly from Xinjiang and its west of the Central Asia region along with the airflow, entered the northern Xinjiang accompanied by the southwest airflow almost at the same time, piled up along the Tianshan Mountains and then crossed the mountains into southern Xinjiang. Meanwhile, four typical cities (Urumqi, Hohhot, Lanzhou and Beijing) affected by the east transport of pollutants from the black storm were selected to analyze the influence of large amounts of dust aerosols on major meteorological parameters during the eastward transport of the black storm using regional climate model (RegCM4.6).The results show that the AOD for the four typical cities affected by the black storm's eastward transport during April 25~29 all increased, and the simulated pollution level was close to the actual. For the temperature response of the dusts at 2m near the surface, Beijing was the most visible, up to -1.68℃, while was not obvious at Urumqi, where the temperature near the ground during the dust episode decreased by 0.1℃ at the highest compared with that without dusts. When AOD reaches its maximum value, the temperature response of Hohhot and Lanzhou is -0.4℃ and -0.8℃ respectively. During the black strom episode, the maximum relative humidity response in Urumqi, Hohhot and Lanzhou was -3.3%, -7.3% and -4.7%, respectively, while the relative humidity in Beijing increased by about 10% compared with that without dusts when the AOD reached its maximum value on 29^th.