大城市郊区典型区域农户作物种植选择行为及其影响因素对比研究——基于沈阳市苏家屯区238户农户的调查研究

研究从农户作物种植选择行为角度出发,以马斯洛需求层次理论为基础,通过构建社会经济及政策变化对农户种植选择行为影响机理分析框架和理论模型,基于沈阳市苏家屯区238户农户调查数据,采用统计分析法和Logistic回归分析,研究结果表明:工业化、城市化进程的加快促进了大城市郊区非农就业机会的增多和对农产品需求的增加,导致农户作物种植业选择行为出现了明显的"非粮化"和"非农化"趋势,不同区域农户作物选择行为存在明显的差异,在空间上形成近郊区以种植粮食作物为主→远郊区兼种粮食作物和经济作物为主→纯农村区以种植经济作物为主的"反杜能圈"式的种植模式特征。在此研究基础上,从外部环境包括城市扩展、经济结构、市场价格变化、政策制度安排和内部环境包括个人特征、家庭特征、资源禀赋等7类因素13个因子对产生差异的影响机理进行分析,结果显示不同区域、不同因子的作用方向、影响程度与显著性表现均有所不同。根据以上的研究结果,政府应该从鼓励农户发展休闲农业、合理引导农户把握市场和培养新型农民等方面入手,优化农业结构调整,促进农村土地合理利用,提高土地利用效率,实现农村土地资源的持续利用。

A Comparative Study of Farmers’ Crop Choice Behavior and Its Impact Factors in the Typical Region of Metropolitan Suburb-A Case Study in Sujiatun District in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

From the perspective of the farmers’ crop choice behavior, and taking the need of Maslow Hierarchy Theory as a base, this paper built a framework to analysze the effect of the farmers’crop choice behavior concerning changes of social, economic and policy factors, in accordance with the survey data of the 238 farmers in Sujiatun district and the statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis. The results show that: the industrialization and urbanization accelerate the outskirts of large cities for non-agricultural employment opportunities and increase the demand for agricultural products; the farmers’ crop choice behavior is a clear "non-food" and "non-agricultural sectors" trends in different regions, there is the "anti-ring" style map of the planting pattern in space, as growing food crops in the suburb → the food crops and cash crops in the outer suburb → the cash crops in the rural area. Based on the study, by the external environment, including urban expansion, economic structure, changes in market prices, policy institutional arrangements and internal environment, including personal characteristics, family characteristics, resource endowments, it explores the influencing factors on the mechanism of the farmers’crop choice behavior. The results show that the direction, degree and significance of impact factors in different regions differ. According to the above findings, the government should proceed from encouraging farmers to develop leisure agriculture in suburbs, reasonably leading the peasants to take advantage of the market, and training new farmers in order to guide the land use behavior of farmers in the region, to optimize the agricultural structure, promote the rational utilization of rural land and improve the efficiency of land use, and realize the sustainable use of the land resource.