滨海集约农区耕地质量演变趋势研究——以山东省广饶县为例

论文以山东省广饶县为研究对象,基于GIS技术,选取广饶县1979、 2007年两期耕地质量评价相关数据,以50 m×50 m栅格为评价单元,以综合指数法为评价方法评价了广饶县两期耕地综合质量,并分析了从1979年到2007年广饶县耕地综合质量的变化情况.研究发现:1979年耕地质量等级占主要比例的为三四等地,2007年耕地质量等级占主要比例的为一二等地;两期耕地质量等级分布规律相似,耕地质量等级都是从西南内陆到东北沿海逐步降低;从1979年到2007年,广饶县耕地基础设施逐步完善,耕地养分含量普遍提高,使得广饶县的耕地质量等级普遍提高,较大面积的三四等耕地转换为一二等耕地,特别是南部地区耕地质量等级提高程度明显.

Changing Situation of Cultivated Land Quality Based on GIS in Guangrao County in Shandong Province

The cultivated land quality can influence crop yield and agricultural sustainable development obviously. Taking Guangrao County in Shandong Province as a case study, this paper explored the cultivated land quality evaluation based on GIS. Evaluation factors are chosen by Delphi approach and cluster analysis with their weights determined by AHP method, the grades of cultivated land quality are evaluated by fuzzy discrimination method based on 50 m×50 m raster data in 1979 and 2007. Also, the changing situation of cultivated land quality from 1979 to 2007 is analyzed with GIS. The result shows that, the changing situation of evaluation factors of cultivated land is different, the physiognomy and soil physical character change slowly, but the soil nutrient changes greatly, especially the organic matter and available nitrogen. Cultivated land quality grade in 1979 has an obvious decreasing distribution from south to north, the cultivated land with high grades was distributed in the southwestern part and which with low grades was in the northeastern. The area of the cultivated land in 1979 with the first grade and the second grade accounts for 12.84% of the total area, while the third and the fourth grade is 63.61% of the total area, and the fifth and the sixth grade is 23.55% of the total area. Generally speaking, the cultivated land quality in 1979 was mostly with moderate grades. And the area of the cultivated land in 2007 with the first grade and the second grade is 62.89% of the total area, while the third and the fourth grade is 36.37% of the total area, and the fifth and the sixth grade is only 0.73% of the total area. Obviously, the cultivated land quality in 2007 was mostly with high grades. Cultivated land quality grades have an obvious decreasing distribution from southwestern inland to northeastern coastal area both in 1979 and 2007. The cultivated land quality improved obviously form 1979 to 2007 because of perfection of basic facilities and improvement of soil nutrition, especially in the southern part of Guangrao County.