Social interactions and resource ownership in two private protected areas of Paraguay |
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| Authors: | Quintana Jesus Morse Stephen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Habitat and Population Evaluation Team, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;2. University of Montana, Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;3. Alberta Conservation Association, 817 4th Avenue S. #400, Lethbridge, AB T1J 0P3, Canada;4. US Bureau of Land Management, South Dakota Field Office, 309 Bonanza Street, Belle Fourche, SD 57717, USA;5. The Nature Conservancy, 32 S. Ewing Suite 215, Helena, MT 59601, USA;1. School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;2. ARC Centre of Excellence in Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;3. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom;4. The Nature Conservancy, Suite 2-01, 60 Leicester Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;5. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;6. Trust for Nature (Victoria), 5/379 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;7. Nature Conservation Trust of New South Wales, 44 Miller Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia;8. NSW Biodiversity Conservation Trust, Level 14, 59-61 Goulburn Street, Sydney South, NSW 1232, Australia;9. Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, Eastern Cape, South Africa;10. The Silwood Group, London, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes the results of field research to dissect how social interactions differ between two reserves in Paraguay having very different styles of governance. The two reserves were Mbaracayú Natural Forest Reserve (Reserva Natural del Bosque de Mbaracayú, RNBM) and San Rafael Managed Resource Reserve (Reserva de Recursos Manejados San Rafael, RRMSR). RNBM is a private reserve owned by a non-governmental organisation, while RRMSR is a publicly-managed reserve, albeit with a substantial degree of private land ownership. Both reserves are intended to protect Atlantic Forest, one of the five world biodiversity 'hotspots', and also one of the most highly threatened. Each reserve and its buffer zone comprises a set of stakeholders, including indigenous communities and farmers, and the paper explores the interactions between these and the management regime. Indeed, while the management regimes of the two reserves are different, one being highly top-down (RNBM) and the other more socially inclusive (RRMSR), the issues that they have to deal with are much the same. However, while both management regimes will readily acknowledge the need to address poverty, inequality appears to be a far more sensitive issue. Whereas this may be expected for the privately-owned RNBM it is perhaps more surprising in RRMSR even when allowing for the fact that much of the land in the latter is in private hands. It is argued that the origins of this sensitivity rest within the broader features of Paraguayan society, and the prevalence of private land ownership. Yet ironically, it is the inequality in land ownership that is perhaps the most significant threat to conservation in both reserves. Therefore, while reserve-level analyses can provide some insight into the driving forces at play in the interaction between conservation and sustainable management, larger scales may be necessary to gain a fuller appreciation of the dynamics operating at site level. Even in a society with a history of centralised control these dynamics may be surprising. |
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