我国防灾减灾领域学科发展及其专业设置——从学位管理制度谈起

我国高校在防灾减灾类人才培养中存在一些现实困境,如:灾害学的学科地位较低、防灾减灾类学科及专业设置不灵活、学校管理制度及其相关条例的约束等。从我国学位管理制度谈起,通过比较分析国内外高校专业设置与交叉学科发展情况,探讨我国防灾减灾领域学科发展及专业设置对防灾减灾人才培养造成的影响,并提出三点建议:一是加大我国学位管理制度的改革,确保落实高校办学自主权;二是对灾害科学的研究走向系统化、社会化,发展国内高等学校防灾减灾类专业本科教育;三是防灾减灾类专业课程设置从横向和纵向上都要体现综合和交叉的学科属性。

Discussion on the Discipline Development and Specialization Settings of Disaster Prevention and Reduction in China ---Talking from the Management System of Academic Degree

There are some practical difficulties in talents cultivation of disaster prevention and reduction in China, for instance, the subject status of disaster science, the disciplines and specialization settings of disaster prevention and mitigation, the management system of academic degree, etc. This article started from the management system of academic degree, compared the specialization settings and the development of cross subjects home and abroad, discussed the dilemma in talents cultivating of disaster prevention and reduction in Chinese universities, inquired into the problem of promoting the development of Chinese disaster prevention and reduction talents training system, and also put forward three pieces of advice：（1） reform the administration system of academic degrees and endow colleges and universities decision￣making power; （ 2 ） clarify the principles and majorities connotation and denotation of disaster science and develop domestic undergraduate education in disaster prevention and reduction; （ 3 ） further define training goals, strengthen development of discipline and specialty and reflect comprehensive and cross-subject attribute laterally and vertically in disaster prevention and reduction major design.