基于多属性决策方法的饮用水健康风险全面评价

分别从整体和单个指标两方面对饮用水的健康风险进行全面评价。整体评价方面,引入多属性决策方法对饮用水进行覆盖全部指标的健康风险评价。在给出指标不达标阈概念的基础上,提出了一个以指标从达标到不达标阈的敏感度为依据计算指标权重的方法。单个指标的健康风险评价方面,应用目前美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对饮用水中的重金属指标进行健康风险评价,改进饮用水中污染物为有机物的健康风险评价模型达到对饮用水中的有机物指标进行健康风险合理评价。最后给出一个算例对所提方法进行了验证。结果表明,将多属性方法与目前普遍使用的健康风险评价方法结合起来使用能够实现从整体上和单个指标上对饮用水健康风险进行全面评价,从而更具实效性。

Comprehensive Assessment of Health Risk to Drinking and Using Water Based on Multi-Attribute Decision Making

A comprehensive evaluation to drinking and using water is given from both the overall aspect and individual indica- tors aspect. At the overall aspect, the method of multi - attribute decision making is introduced to assess health risk covering all indicators of drinking and using water. A method is proposed to calculate indicators＇ weights according to the sensitivity reflected by the value from the standard to the substandard threshold based on the given concept of substandard threshold. At the individual indicators aspect, the health risk assessment model recommended by the U. S. EPA is applied to evaluate the health risk of drink- ing and using water caused by heavy metals. The model to assess the health risk caused by organic pollutants in drinking and using water is improved to assess the health risk. Finally, a numerical example is given to validate the proposed method. The result shows that it can make a comprehensive assessment of health risk to drinking and using water from the whole and single indicator using the combination of multi - attribute decision making method and current - widely - used health risk assessment method, and it could be more practical and effective.