国际碳排放权交易模式的更替发展与协同优化路径

实现碳中和是各国应对气候变化的共同选择。碳市场作为以碳排放权交易为核心的市场机制是加速全球碳排放目标实现的重要途径之一。尽管当前全球碳市场的发展仍呈现区域性和碎片化状态，但随着能源危机的加剧，极端气候灾难的不确定性增多，未来通过碳市场领域的国际合作实现全球碳市场的协同以应对气候变化仍是大势所趋。本文试图通过对国际碳市场进行回顾和类型化总结，并就《巴黎协定》下国际碳交易模式的协同困境从技术、制度和参与程度三个维度开展分析。作者认为，如欲加快全球碳交易的协同进程，应尽快完善国际碳交易中的技术适用细节,提升碳交易相关制度的适用力度,扩大碳交易相关制度的适用范围,加强发展中国家的碳市场的基础建设，拓展发展中国家碳交易市场建设支持来源，最终建立全球碳价格统一机制。提前布局研究碳市场的跨境连接方案对于中国而言极具现实意义，本文最后对中国参与全球碳交易市场的国际合作前景作出了展望。

Alternation and Development of International Carbon Emissions Trading Models and Optimization of Cooperative Pathways

Achieving carbon neutrality is a common choice for all countries to address climate change. The carbon market, as a market mechanism with carbon emissions trading as its core, is one of the important ways to accelerate the achievement of global carbon emission targets. Although the development of global carbon markets is still regional and fragmented, as the energy crisis intensifies and the uncertainty of extreme climate catastrophes increases, it is still the trend to achieve synergy in the global carbon market through international cooperation in the field of carbon markets to combat climate change. This paper attempts to review and typify the international carbon markets and analyse the dilemma of cooperation in the international carbon trading model under the Paris Agreement in three dimensions: technology, institutions and participation. The author argues that in order to accelerate the process of global carbon trading cooperation, the technical details of international carbon trading should be improved as soon as possible, the application of carbon trading-related institutions should be enhanced, the scope of application of carbon trading-related institutions should be expanded, the infrastructure of carbon markets in developing countries should be strengthened, the sources of support for the construction of carbon trading markets in developing countries should be expanded, and ultimately a uniform global carbon price mechanism should be established. Finally, it is also of great practical significance for China to look into the cross-border connection scheme of the carbon market in advance, and the author provides an outlook on the prospects for China''s participation in the international cooperation of the global carbon trading market.