土壤中不同粘粒矿物在高温下释放氟污染物的研究

研究了蒙脱石、高岭石、水铝英石、蛭石和针铁矿在高温下释放氟污染物的特征.结果表明:高温下氟化物从这些矿物中的逸出率不仅随矿物种类而变化,而且与烧成温度、比表面积、矿物结构水含量的变化以及高温加热时间密切相关.蒙脱石的晶格瓦解温度比高岭石的滞后,可能是不同高温下蒙脱石氟化物逸出比高岭石滞后的原因之一.含钙化合物能降低氟从蒙脱石中的逸出率.以CaCO₃处理蒙脱石为例,800℃时,氟化物逸出率比对照降低了59.6%,800℃时,5种含钙物质的固氟能力的大小顺序为:CaCO₃＞CaO＞Ca₃(PO₄)₂＞Ca(OH)₂＞CaSO₄.

Fluoride Emission from Different Soil Minerals at High Temperatures

The emission characteristics of fluoride pollutants from montmorillonite, kaolinite, vermiculite, geothite and allophane were studied to elucidate the mechanism of fluoride-releasing from soils during brick and tile making at high temperatures from 300 degrees C to 1000 degrees C. The rate of fluoride emission varied with temperature, mineral type, heating time, specific surface area and cations added to minerals. The escape of crystalline water resulting from crystal lattice collapse at a certain high temperature was found to affect the rate of fluoride emission. Calcium compounds could decrease fluoride emission rate from montmorillonite. At 800 degrees C, the rate of fluoride emission from Ca-treated montmorillonite decreased by 59.6% compared to untreated montmorillonite. The order for fluoride-fixing capacity of the 5 calcium compounds at 800 degrees C was as follows: CaCO3 > CaO > Ca3(PO4)2 > Ca(OH)2 > CaSO4.