Hunting for a Living: Wildlife Trade,Rural Livelihoods and Declining Wildlife in the Hkakaborazi National Park,North Myanmar |
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Authors: | Madhu Rao Than Zaw Saw Htun Than Myint |
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Institution: | (1) Wildlife Conservation Society Singapore, 134 Tanjong Rhu, #02-03 Pebble Bay, 436920 Singapore, Singapore;(2) Wildlife Conservation Society Myanmar Program, Yangon, Myanmar;(3) Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore, Singapore |
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Abstract: | Hunting is a threat to wildlife within the Hkakaborazi National Park in north Myanmar. We used questionnaire surveys to obtain
data on variables such as commonly targeted species, prices of traded wildlife, reasons for hunting and the relative importance
of livelihood sources. We examine (a) the significance of hunting and trade for livelihoods and explore (b) the impacts of
hunting on targeted species. Ninety per cent of trade records (n = 803) was constituted by seven species commonly targeted by hunters (serow, red goral, muntjac, bear, Assamese macaque,
black musk deer and takin). Commercially valuable species previously targeted by hunters (tiger, otter, pangolin) appear to
be completely absent from current harvest records and potentially in decline. Although farming is the predominant occupation,
hunting (driven by trade) represents a significantly higher source of income than other livelihood activities. Management
recommendations include increased investment in enforcement, education and outreach, small livestock development, improved
crop productivity, demarcation of no-take areas for wildlife and biological monitoring of targeted species. |
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