关于防灾减灾预警机制及预警工程的若干讨论

SARS疫情迅速在世界传播和在中国蔓延,更加引起了政府和社会各界对城市突发性灾难有效应对和有效防治方面的高度重视。笔者认为,开展早期预警是对突发危机事件有效处理的关键,必须要有完善的预警机制和现代预警系统工程方可进行。提出将以人为本原则、预防为主原则、法律责任原则、组织管理原则和第一时间原则等作为确保防灾减灾预警系统有序建设和高效运行的基本原则。对现代预警工程的特点、现代预警工程的强化途径提供了以“以人为本”为前提的见解。

Discussion on Early-Warning Mechanism and Early-Warning Engineering of Hazard Prevention and Mitigation

The rapid epidemic spread of SARS have aroused the great attention to the efficient treatment and preventive measure to urban emergent hazard. China is one of the minorities of countries in the world which suffered from severest damage caused by natural disasters now and then. Hazard and accidental event, once they happen in a city, will immediately cause huge economic losses and negative social effect. The fragility of Chinese cities to calamities has become evident. Outburst epidemic disease, leakage of poisonous substance and large area of power or water cut in cities arc commonly happening catastrophes, which will result in social scare, casualty and direct economic losses. Human beings have developed a set of concept and measure of disaster prevention and mitigation in the perpetual struggle with natural calamities. Early-warning of hazard is one of the hot issues of research nowadays. Even for those developed countries, however, the early-warning of an unprecedented outburst hazard like SARS is not an easy task. The author found from the research that the early-warning release of an outburst hazard is a key of effective treatment of it, which requires a consummate early-warning mechanism and early-warning engineering. The five kinds of principle arc to be established, which are principle of humanitarianism, giving prior ity to prevention, legal duty, the first instant response and insurance compensation. The principle of humanitarianism refers to that all the contents and objectives of hazard reduction system should intensively show high respects of human life and nature. The principle of giving priority to prevention emphasizes relying on the construction of "preventive culture" to realize early-warning and achieve ideal hazard suppress effect for a sudden catastrophe. The principle of first instant response is the quick response to a sudden hazard by applying modern science and technology, thus acquiring the longest possible early-warning time and accurate information. The benefit of early-warning lies in responding a hazard at first instant. Fortifying the purpose of modern early-warning engineering and the non-engineering measures of modern early-warning provides a view on premise of humanitarianism. Modern early-warning engineering should display the five characteristics of digitalization of technology and totalizing of clients.