基于生态效率的城市可持续性评价及应用研究

综合评价城市复合生态系统是实现区域可持续发展要面对的重要科学问题.城市生态效率反映了城市系统的资源环境与社会福利的投入产出关系,是将可持续发展的宏观目标融入城市发展规划与管理中的有效工具.综合生态足迹和人类发展指数的理论方法,构建了基于生态效率的城市可持续性评价模型.应用该模型对厦门市生态效率进行了时间序列分析:2000～2006年,厦门市生态效率呈现先平稳上升后陡然下降又小幅回升的波动性变化.厦门市人均生态足迹由4.279hm2增加至5.462hm2;人类发展指数由0.831增加至0.896;生态效率下降15.5%,资源效率下降15.7%,环境效率下降15.3%.研究表明,厦门市的可持续性经历了由可持续性次增强→可持续性增强→可持续性减弱→可持续性增强路径的转变,总体趋势仍是可持续性减弱.

Urban Sustainability Assessment Based on Eco-efficiency and Its Application

Comprehensive assessment on urban ecological system is one of important issues for regional sustainable development research. Urban eco-efficiency is the effective tool to integrate sustainabable strategies into the development planning and management initiatives, which expresses the relationship of inputs of ecological impact and outputs of social welfare. An evaluation model of urban sustainability based on eco-efficiency was proposed by integrating Ecological Footprint model and Human Development Index. Using this model, a case study of Xiamen City was carried out using the statistical data from 2000 to 2006.There is a fluctuation of eco-efficiency which showed a steady increase first, then a sharp decline and a marginal increase towards the end. During 2000-2006, the per-capita ecological footprint increases from 4.279 hm² to 5.462 hm²; and the Human Development Index increases from 0.831 to 0.896; thus the eco-efficiency, resource efficiency and environmental efficiency declines by 15.5%, 15.7% and 15.3% respectively. Xiamen experiences sustainability hypo-increasing phase first, sustainability increasing phase secondly, then sustainability decreasing phase, and sustainability increasing phase in the end. On the whole, the urban sustainability shows a decreasing trend.