Biogeochemical Control of the Coupled CO2–O2 System of the Baltic Sea: A Review of the Results of Baltic-C |
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Authors: | Anders Omstedt Christoph Humborg Janusz Pempkowiak Matti Perttilä Anna Rutgersson Bernd Schneider Benjamin Smith |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 5A, 41320, G?teborg, Sweden 2. Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius v?g 8, 11418, Stockholm, Sweden 3. Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, P.O. Box 148, 81-712, Sopot, Poland 4. Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101, Helsinki, Finland 5. Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villav. 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden 6. Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Seestrasse 15, 18119, Warnemünde, Germany 7. Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University, Geocentrum II, S?lvegatan 12, 22362, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract: | Past, present, and possible future changes in the Baltic Sea acid–base and oxygen balances were studied using different numerical experiments and a catchment–sea model system in several scenarios including business as usual, medium scenario, and the Baltic Sea Action Plan. New CO2 partial pressure data provided guidance for improving the marine biogeochemical model. Continuous CO2 and nutrient measurements with high temporal resolution helped disentangle the biogeochemical processes. These data and modeling indicate that traditional understandings of the nutrient availability–organic matter production relationship do not necessarily apply to the Baltic Sea. Modeling indicates that increased nutrient loads will not inhibit future Baltic Sea acidification; instead, increased mineralization and biological production will amplify the seasonal surface pH cycle. The direction and magnitude of future pH changes are mainly controlled by atmospheric CO2 concentration. Apart from decreasing pH, we project a decreasing calcium carbonate saturation state and increasing hypoxic area. |
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Keywords: | Ocean acidification Eutrophication Climate change Baltic Sea Kattegat |
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