高级催化氧化法去除水中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究进展

普遍认为,邻苯二甲酸酯类物质（Phthalic Acid Esters,PAEs）是内分泌干扰物质（Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals,EDCs）,被广泛应用于增塑剂、化妆品中,具有致畸性,致癌性,致突变性以及拟/抗雌激素活性、拟/抗甲状腺激素活性等内分泌干扰特性。邻苯二甲酸酯类物质很容易扩散到环境中,在土壤、大气、水环境中均有检出,是环境中常见污染物,严重威胁人体健康和生态环境,已经引起国内外的广泛关注。在综述邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的物理化学性质、毒性影响、国内外天然水体、地下水和生活污水中的污染现状的基础上,讨论消除水环境中PAEs污染的强化混凝、吸附、膜处理、生物处理和高级氧化技术。高级氧化技术因其能够快速有效地去除饮用水和污水中不同种类的有机污染物而备受关注,且发展迅速。重点介绍了高级催化氧化法对水环境中PAEs的去除,包括催化湿式过氧化物氧化过程,催化臭氧氧化过程,光催化氧化过程,超声波、微波辅助催化氧化过程以及高级纳米催化氧化过程。其中,Fenton催化氧化技术在氧化过程中通过使用催化剂或协同紫外光等方式产生高度反应性羟基自由基,可无选择性地将PAEs完全降解为无毒无害的小分子物质,对PAEs的氧化去除效果最好。虽然在高级氧化过程中应用催化剂可大大提高氧化效率和降解程度,但催化氧化法耗能较大、催化剂消耗量大、受水体pH值的影响,且研究大多限于实验室阶段,未能大量投入工业应用,需要进一步发展创新。因此,开发新型高效催化剂、提高催化剂选择性、优化催化氧化反应条件、优化设计催化反应器、与其他技术耦合是水体中PAEs类环境激素污染控制技术的发展方向。

Removal of phthalic acid esters from water by advanced catalytic oxidation process

Generally, phthalic acid esters（PAEs） are considered to be endocrine disrupting chemicals （EDCs）. This substance is widely used in plasticizers, cosmetics, etc. PAEs would give rise to malformation, cancerization and mutation as well as possess quasi/anti-estrogen activity and quasi/resistance-thyroid hormone activity. PAEs could spread to the environment easily and be detected in the soil, air and water. They are common pollutants in the environment, which pose serious threats to both human health and the ecological environment. As a result, PAEs have attracted widespread attention at home and abroad. This paper summarizes the physi-chemical properties and toxic effects of PAEs and analyses the pollution status in natural water, groundwater and wastewater. The work also discusses many recent methods developed to remove PAEs, such as enhanced coagulation, adsorption, membrane treatment, biological treatment, advanced oxidation process, etc. Advanced oxidation technology has attracted much attention and developed rapidly because of it’s ability to remove different kinds of organic pollutants quickly and efficiently from drinking water and sewage. This article introduces the degradation of PAEs in water mainly using advanced oxidation technology which includes the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation, the catalytic ozone oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, ultrasonic and microwave assisted catalytic oxidation and advanced nanometer catalytic oxidation. Fenton catalytic oxidation process could produce highly reactive hydroxyl radicals by adding catalyst and UVradiation in the process of oxidation. This method could achieve the highest oxidation efficiency as well as degrade PAEs into non-toxic harmless chemicals completely and non-selectively. Although application of the catalyst in advanced oxidation process can improve the oxidation efficiency and the degradation degree greatly, this method needs a huge amount of catalyst and energy and also influenced by pH value. Additionally, the research of this removal