中国主要人工林土壤有机碳的比较

区域和全球碳循环是全球变化研究中的核心内容之一，其中估算并量化区域乃至全球土壤碳储量已经成为碳循环研究中的重大科学问题。森林生态系统在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用，而人工林是重要的人工森林生态系统。中国对小尺度区域内一个或数个人工林土壤有机碳含量、密度和储量等已进行了大量研究，但缺乏对全国尺度下主要人工林土壤有机碳的比较研究。本文通过对近10 a内的橡胶（Hevea brasiliensis）、桉树（Eucalyptus spp.）、杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）、毛竹（Phyllostachys edulis）、马尾松（Pinus massoniana）、刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）、杨树（Populus spp.）、油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）和落叶松（Larix spp.）等9种人工林土壤有机碳53篇文献资料的统计分析，估算了中国主要人工林的土壤有机碳含量、密度及储量等。结果表明，9种人工林0-60 cm土壤有机碳含量介于4.0-31.1 g·kg^-1，平均14.8 g·kg^-1；0-60 cm土壤有机碳密度为2.8-15.1 kg·m^-2，平均8.7 kg·m^-2；0-60 cm的土壤有机碳储量介于28.2-158.1 Mg·hm^-2，平均84.5 Mg·hm^-2。以落叶松最高，毛竹、马尾松、桉树、杉木和油松等人工林居中，杨树和橡胶仅高于刺槐，刺槐最低。中国人工林土壤有机碳储量具有较为明显的经度分布性，从西向东逐渐升高；同时也具有一定的纬度分布性，大致表现为南低北高；9种人工林土壤有机碳储量虽明显低于同气候带的天然林，但仍具有很高的固碳潜力。人工林生产管理中，亟待寻找能有效增加土壤碳固定及减少碳损失的途径和措施。

Compared of soil organic carbon of different plantations in China

The field on regional and global carbon cycling is one of the core contents for the global change research, a branch of which, the estimation and quantification of carbon storage in soil from regional to global scale has become the important problem in this field. In the land, the forest ecosystem plays a critical role in the global carbon cycling, while the plantation is an essential part of it. In China, there are plenty of studies on the soil organic carbon content, density and storage, but scopes are limited to the range of one or several plantations within a partial area. The comparative research on soil organic carbon in the major plantation at the whole country scale remains to be studied. In order to assess the status of soil organic carbon （SOC） content, density and storage in the soil under 9 main plantations in China, the data from 53 literatures about the SOC under 9 plantations （Hevea brasiliensis,Eucalyptus spp.,Cunninghamia lanceolata, Phyllostachys edulis, Pinus massoniana,Robinia pseudoacacia,Populus spp.,Pinus tabulaeformis andLarix spp.） published in recent decade. The results showed that the SOC content ranged from 4.0 to 31.1 g·kg^-1 within 0-60 cm soil layer with the mean value of 14.8 g·kg^-1. While the SOC density varied from 2.8 to 15.1 kg·m^-2 in the same soil depthwith the mean value of 84.5 kg·m^-2. The SOC storage ranged from 28.2 to 158.1 Mg·hm^-2 with the mean value of 84.5 Mg·hm^-2. The SOC storage under 9 plantations was lower than under the wildwood in the same climate zone, and had a great potential for carbon sequestration. The maximum and minimum values were found in theLarix spp. andRobinia pseudoacacia plantations, respectively. The corresponding values underPhyllostachys edulis, Pinus massoniana, Eucalyptus spp.,Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus tabulaeformisplantations were on the medium level. The SOC storage were higher under Hevea brasiliensisandPopulus spp. plantations thanRobinia pseudoacacia plantation. The spatial distribution of SOC storage under 9 pl