Inflammatory markers in relation to long-term air pollution |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;3. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;4. Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy;5. HuGeF Foundation, Turin, Italy;6. National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece;7. Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;1. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;2. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA;3. Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel;4. Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA;6. VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, The Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution can lead to chronic health effects such as cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Systemic inflammation has been hypothesized as a putative biological mechanism contributing to these adverse health effects. We evaluated the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on blood markers of systemic inflammation.We measured a panel of 28 inflammatory markers in peripheral blood samples from 587 individuals that were biobanked as part of a prospective study. Participants were from Varese and Turin (Italy) and Umea (Sweden). Long-term air pollution estimates of nitrogen oxides (NOx) were available from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). Linear mixed models adjusted for potential confounders were applied to assess the association between NOx and the markers of inflammation.Long-term exposure to NOx was associated with decreased levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α in Italy, but not in Sweden. NOx exposure levels were considerably lower in Sweden than in Italy (Sweden: median (5th, 95th percentiles) 6.65 μg/m3 (4.8, 19.7); Italy: median (5th, 95th percentiles) 94.2 μg/m3 (7.8, 124.5)). Combining data from Italy and Sweden we only observed a significant association between long-term exposure to NOx and decreased levels of circulating IL-8.We observed some indication for perturbations in the inflammatory markers due to long-term exposure to NOx. Effects were stronger in Italy than in Sweden, potentially reflecting the difference in air pollution levels between the two cohorts. |
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