Phthalate exposure and reproductive parameters in young men from the general Swedish population |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Dept. of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;2. Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;1. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;2. Children''s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China;1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark;2. Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;3. National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;4. Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden;5. Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;6. Reproductive Medicine Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö SE-20502, Sweden;1. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;2. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA;3. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA;4. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA;5. University of Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Granada, Spain;6. National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;7. Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;8. Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundIn animals, exposure to certain phthalates negatively affects the male reproductive function. Human results are conflicting and mostly based on subfertile males, in whom the association between exposure and reproductive function may differ from the general population.ObjectivesTo study if levels of phthalate metabolites were associated with semen quality and reproductive hormones in general Swedish men.MethodsWe recruited 314 young men delivering semen, urine and blood samples at the same visit. We analyzed reproductive hormones and several semen parameters including progressive motility and high DNA stainability (HDS)—a marker for sperm immaturity. In urine, we analyzed metabolites of phthalates, including diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). We studied associations between urinary levels of the metabolites and seminal as well as serum reproductive parameters, accounting for potential confounders.ResultsDEHP metabolite levels, particularly urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), were negatively associated with progressive sperm motility, which was 11 (95% CI: 5.0–17) percentage points lower in the highest quartile of MECPP than in the lowest. Further, men in the highest quartile of the DEHP metabolite monoethylhexyl phthalate had 27% (95% CI: 5.5%–53%) higher HDS than men in the lowest quartile.ConclusionsDEHP metabolite levels seemed negatively associated with sperm motility and maturation. |
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