An overview of current knowledge concerning the health and environmental consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, P.M.B 1022 Keffi, Nigeria;2. Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Baru, Malaysia;3. Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Atmospheric and Climate Research (ATMOS), Kjeller, Norway;4. Environment and Sustainability Program, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States;5. Faculty of Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan;6. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;1. Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain;2. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain;3. Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain;4. Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Spain;5. Center for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain;6. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain;7. University of Almería, Department of Neurosciences and Health Sciences, Almería, Spain;8. Andalusian Council of Health at Almería Province, Almería, Spain;9. CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;1. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l''Environnement (LSCE), CEA-UVSQ-CNRS UMR 8212, Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace, L''Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France;2. Laboratoire d''Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | Since 2011, the scientific community has worked to identify the exact transport and deposition patterns of radionuclides released from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in Japan. Nevertheless, there still remain many unknowns concerning the health and environmental impacts of these radionuclides. The present paper reviews the current understanding of the FDNPP accident with respect to interactions of the released radionuclides with the environment and impacts on human and non-human biota. Here, we scrutinize existing literature and combine and interpret observations and modeling assessments derived after Fukushima. Finally, we discuss the behavior and applications of radionuclides that might be used as tracers of environmental processes. This review focuses on 137Cs and 131I releases derived from Fukushima. Published estimates suggest total release amounts of 12–36.7 PBq of 137Cs and 150–160 PBq of 131I. Maximum estimated human mortality due to the Fukushima nuclear accident is 10,000 (due to all causes) and the maximum estimates for lifetime cancer mortality and morbidity are 1500 and 1800, respectively. Studies of plants and animals in the forests of Fukushima have recorded a range of physiological, developmental, morphological, and behavioral consequences of exposure to radioactivity. Some of the effects observed in the exposed populations include the following: hematological aberrations in Fukushima monkeys; genetic, developmental and morphological aberrations in a butterfly; declines in abundances of birds, butterflies and cicadas; aberrant growth forms in trees; and morphological abnormalities in aphids. These findings are discussed from the perspective of conservation biology. |
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