Are sunscreens a new environmental risk associated with coastal tourism? |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Global Change Research, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miguel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Balearic Island, Spain;2. Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Andalusian Institute for Marine Science, ICMAN (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain;1. Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain;2. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece;3. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/ Emili Grahit, 101 Edifici H2O, E-17003 Girona, Spain;1. College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA;2. Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, 219 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA;3. JHT Inc., (Contractor to NOAA), 331 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA;4. SC Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA;5. Hollings Marine Laboratory, NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, 331 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA;1. Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Río S. Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain;2. Department of Global Change Research, Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (UIB-CSIC), Miguel Marqués, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The world coastal-zone population and coastal tourism are expected to grow during this century. Associated with that, there will be an increase in the use of sunscreens and cosmetics with UV-filters in their formulation, which will make coastal regions worldwide susceptible to the impact of these cosmetics. Recent investigations indicate that organic and inorganic UV-filters, as well as many other components that are constituents of the sunscreens, reach the marine environment - directly as a consequence of water recreational activities and/or indirectly from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) effluents. Toxicity of organic and inorganic UV filters has been demonstrated in aquatic organism. UV-filters inhibit growth in marine phytoplankton and tend to bioaccumulate in the food webs. These findings together with coastal tourism data records highlight the potential risk that the increasing use of these cosmetics would have in coastal marine areas. Nevertheless, future investigations into distribution, residence time, aging, partitioning and speciation of their main components and by-products in the water column, persistence, accumulation and toxicity in the trophic chain, are needed to understand the magnitude and real impact of these emerging pollutants in the marine system. |
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