塔里木盆地北缘盐渍地遥感调查及成因分析——以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例

土壤盐渍化严重威胁着干旱区绿洲的稳定与可持续发展，因此监测盐渍地的分布范围和程度以及分析其成因有着重要的意义。以塔里木盆地北缘盐渍地普遍发育区域渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例，利用TM遥感影像，在野外调查的基础上，采用监督分类中的波谱角度分类法进行了盐渍地调查研究。该方法对盐渍地的提取精度可达到92％左右，是干旱区盐渍地监测的一种有效方法。在此基础上分析了渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲盐渍地的分布范围与程度，并结合气候、地貌、水文、人类活动等因素，对盐渍化成因进行了讨论。结果表明：干旱荒漠气候是形成盐渍地的前提条件，母岩和母质含盐是形成盐渍地的物质基础，地表水和地下水的补给是形成盐渍地的动力，人为因素是形成灌区次生盐渍地的重要条件。

Remote sensing investigation and cause analysis of saline soils in north of Tarim Basin: taking delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers for example

Soil salinization, which heavily reduces the productivity of land and limits the development of agriculture, has severely threatened the inner stability and the sustainable development of oasis. So monitoring the distribution and the salinization degree of saline soils and analyzing its formation cause are of important practical significance. In this article, taking the north of Tarim Basin, the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers, saline soils widespread region as the example, utilizing TM image data, based on field survey, adopting the method of Spectral Angel Mapper, the investigations on the distribution of saline soils was made. The precision of this approach for the extraction of saline soil information was up to 92% ,or so, therefore it was an effective method for monitoring saline soils in arid area. Then the distribution and salinization degree of saline soils in the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers was analyzed, and salinization cause was discussed combining the factors of climate, geomorphology, hydrology and human activities and so on. The results shows that arid desert climate is a prerequisite to the formation of salinizafion, parent rock containing salt is the material basis for the formation of salinization, surface water and groundwater supplies are the impetus to the formation of salinization, human factors is a key factor to the formation of secondary salinity in irrigation areas.